The rise of motivational information systems: A review of gamification research

A systematic review of gamification in e-Health

Gamification is the application of game features, mainly video game elements, into non-game context for the purpose of promoting motivation and engagement in learning. The application of gamification in a pedagogical context provides some remedy for many students who find themselves alienated by traditional methods of instruction. The use of gamification could provide a partial solution to the decline in learners’ motivation and engagement the schooling system is facing today. Specifically, the college environment could benefit a lot from gamifying not only their graduate recruitment strategies, but also the college course content and curricula. This critical analysis of literature on gamification is intended to be part of a sequence on the effect of gamification on motivation and engagement. A proposed methodology in the study of gamification effect on motivation and engagement in addition to an empirical study on three college courses are being finalized to complete this trilogy. The paper aims to discuss these issues.,Themes covered in the literature review include: conceptualizing gamification, advantages of gamification over game-based learning, theoretical connections to gamification, motivation and engagement, connecting gamification to motivation and engagement, emotions and fun in gamification, player types and gamification features, gamification in action, and implementation guidelines.,The literature on the effect of gamification on motivation and gamification is still limited on multiple levels. There is a gap between theory and practice in the study of gamification. There is limited literature on the implementation guidelines of the gamified designs.,This critical analysis of literature is followed by connecting it to future research by the same author as part of a sequence on the effect of gamification on motivation and engagement. The second project, will be proposing a methodology for any successful design to provide a holistic understanding of the topic of gamification. Finally, an empirical study on the effect of gamification on students’ motivation and engagement in three college courses will be submitted to complete the trilogy.,This paper is a literature review, so there is a strong connection to literature on this topic. However, the synthesis of the themes and ideas are original. The literature review is extensive and covers the different aspects of the topic of gamification and its relationship to motivation and engagement.

The effect of gamification on motivation and engagement

WiFi localization, the task of determining the physical location of a mobile device from wireless signal strengths, has been shown to be an accurate method of indoor and outdoor localization and a powerful building block for location-aware applications. However, most localization techniques require a training set of signal strength readings labeled against a ground truth location map, which is prohibitive to collect and maintain as maps grow large. In this paper we propose a novel technique for solving the WiFi SLAM problem using the Gaussian Process Latent Variable Model (GPLVM) to determine the latent-space locations of unlabeled signal strength data. We show how GPLVM, in combination with an appropriate motion dynamics model, can be used to reconstruct a topological connectivity graph from a signal strength sequence which, in combination with the learned Gaussian Process signal strength model, can be used to perform efficient localization.

WiFi-SLAM Using G aussian Process Latent Variable Models

NikeFuel is the fuel of the Nike+ community. A fuel that has made two million users burn more than 68 bn. calories and that proliferates with each kilometer. The athletic performance of Nike+ users is measured via sensors in Nike sports shoes and an Apple iPod or iPhone, documented on the Nike+platform and converted into NikeFuel. In doing so, users may visualize their progress, compare their performance with others, and obtain different status levels that reflect their athletic potential. This approach derives from the domain of game design and is called gamification enriching products, services, and information systems with game-design elements in order to positively influence motivation, productivity, and behavior of users. In the consumer sector, various successful examples for gamication are gaining recognition. Gamication is a persuasive technology that attempts to influence user behavior by activating individual motives via game-design elements. As a consequence, this approach does not deal with designing games that can generally be defined as solving rule-based artificial conflicts or simulations. Thus, gamication needs to be contrasted to related concepts such as serious games and games with a purpose.

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Gamification - Design of IT-Based Enhancing Services for Motivational Support and Behavioral Change

The adoption of game mechanics into serious contexts such as business applications (gamification) is a promising trend to improve the user’s participation and engagement with the software in question and on the job. However, this topic is mainly driven by practitioners. A theoretical model for gamification with appropriate empirical validation is missing. In this paper, we introduce a prototype for gamification using SAP ERP as example. Moreover, we have evaluated the concept within a comprehensive user study with 112 participants based on the technology acceptance model (TAM) using partial least squares (PLS) for analysis. Finally, we show that this gamification approach yields significant improvements in latent variables such as enjoyment, flow or perceived ease of use. Moreover, we outline further research requirements in the domain of gamification.

Gamification of ERP Systems – Exploring Gamification Effects on User Acceptance Constructs

To a large extent, gamification is a psychological- and design-oriented discipline, i.e., a lot of effort has to be spent already in the design phase of a gamification project. Once the design is finalized, the implementation phase takes place in information systems (IS) such as supply chain management, customer relationship management, portals, or enterprise resource planning which act as mediator to transport a gameful design to its users. However, in general the efforts for the subsequent development and integration process are often underestimated. In fact, most conceptual gamification designs are never implemented due to the high development costs. In this paper, we describe gamification as a software development process and present requirements for a successful introduction of gamification. Moreover, existing gamification solutions are analyzed with regards to these requirements.

Implementing Gamification: Requirements and Gamification Platforms

Gamification has become a trend over the last years, especially in non-game environments such as business systems. With the aim to increase the users' engagement and motivation, existing or new information systems are enriched with game design elements. Before the technical implementation, the gamification concept is created. However, creation of such concepts is an informal and error-prone process, i.e., the definition and exchange of game mechanics is done in natural language or using spreadsheets. This becomes especially relevant, if the gamification concept is handed over to the implementation phase in which IT-experts have to manually translate informal to formal concepts without having gamification expertise. In this paper, we describe a novel, declarative, and formal domain-specific language to define gamification concepts. Besides that the language is designed to be readable and partially write able by gamification experts, the language is automatically compilable into gamification platforms without involving IT-experts.

GaML - A Modeling Language for Gamification

The development of gamification within non-game information systems as well as serious games has recently gained an important role in a variety of business fields due to promising behavioral or psychological improvements. However, industries still struggle with the high efforts of implementing gameful affordances in non-game systems. In order to decrease factors such as project costs, development cycles, and resource consumption as well as to improve the quality of products, the gamification modeling language has been proposed in prior research. However, the language is on a descriptive level only, i.e., Cannot be used to automatically generate executable software artifacts. In this paper and based on this language, we introduce a model-driven architecture for designing as well as generating building blocks for serious games. Furthermore, we give a validation of our approach by going through the different steps of designing an achievement system in the context of an existing serious game.

Model-Driven Serious Game Development Integration of the Gamification Modeling Language GaML with Unity

The present disclosure is directed to systems and methods determining a number of contact points applied to a touch-screen, executing, using one or more processors, an application function based on the number of contact points, determining that the number of contact points has decreased during execution of the application function, determining that the number of contact points is greater than zero, and continuing execution of the application function in response to determining that the number of contact points is greater than zero.

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