This paper focuses on the use of satellite communication systems for the support of Internet of Things (IoT). We refer to the IoT paradigm as the means to collect data from sensors or RFID and to send control messages to actuators. In many application scenarios, sensors and actuators are distributed over a very wide area; in some cases, they are located in remote areas where they are not served by terrestrial access networks and, as a consequence, the use of satellite communication systems becomes of paramount importance for the Internet of Remote Things (IoRT). The enabling factors of IoRT through satellite are: 1) the interoperability between satellite systems and sensors/actuators and 2) the support of IPv6 over satellite. Furthermore, radio resource management algorithms are required to enhance the efficiency of IoT over satellite. In this work, we provide an integrated view of satellite-based IoT, handling this topic as a jigsaw puzzle where the pieces to be assembled are represented by the following topics: MAC protocols for satellite routed sensor networks, efficient IPv6 support, heterogeneous networks interoperability, quality of service (QoS) management, and group-based communications.

/pdf/satellite-communications-supporting-internet-of-remote-2w6iaw71zf.pdf

Satellite Communications Supporting Internet of Remote Things

During the past decade, the packet classification problem has been widely studied to accelerate network applications such as access control, traffic engineering and intrusion detection. In our research, we found that although a great number of packet classification algorithms have been proposed in recent years, unfortunately most of them stagnate in mathematical analysis or software simulation stages and few of them have been implemented in commercial products as a generic solution. To fill the gap between theory and practice, in this paper, we propose a novel packet classification algorithm named HyperSplit. Compared to the well-known HiCuts and HSM algorithms, HyperSplit achieves superior performance in terms of classification speed, memory usage and preprocessing time. The practicability of the proposed algorithm is manifested by two facts in our test: HyperSplit is the only algorithm that can successfully handle all the rule sets; HyperSplit is also the only algorithm that reaches more than 6Gbps throughput on the Octeon3860 multi-core platform when tested with 64-byte Ethernet packets against 10K ACL rules.

/pdf/packet-classification-algorithms-from-theory-to-practice-1c4vefjn14.pdf

Packet Classification Algorithms: From Theory to Practice

Embodiments of the invention relate to providing interoperability between hosts supporting multiple encapsulation. One embodiment includes a method that includes mapping packet encapsulation protocol type information for virtual switches. Each virtual switch is associated with one or more virtual machines (VMs). It is determined whether one or more common encapsulation protocol types exist for a first VM associated with a first virtual switch and a second VM associated with a second virtual switch based on the mapping. A common encapsulation protocol type is selected if it is determined that one or more common encapsulation protocol types exist for the first virtual switch and the second virtual switch. A packet is encapsulated for communication between the first VM and the second VM using the selected common encapsulation protocol type.

Interoperability for distributed overlay virtual environment

In some embodiments, an apparatus includes a flow control module configured to receive a first data packet from an output queue of a stage of a multi-stage switch at a first rate when an available capacity of the output queue crosses a first threshold. The flow control module is configured to receive a second data packet from the output queue of the stage of the multi-stage switch at a second rate when the available capacity of the output queue crosses a second threshold. The flow control module configured to send a flow control signal to an edge device of the multi-stage switch from which the first data packet or the second data packet entered the multi-stage switch.

Methods and apparatus for flow control associated with a switch fabric

Systems, methods, and non-transitory computer-readable storage media for managing routing information in overlay networks. A first tunnel endpoint in an overlay network may receive an encapsulated packet from a second tunnel endpoint. The encapsulated packet may have been encapsulated at the second tunnel endpoint based on another packet originating from a source host that is associated with the second tunnel endpoint. The encapsulated packet can include a source host address for the source host and a source tunnel endpoint address for the second tunnel endpoint. The first tunnel endpoint can then update a lookup table based on an association between the source host address and the source tunnel endpoint address.

Managing routing information for tunnel endpoints in overlay networks

This document describes a general architecture for flow admission and
termination based on pre-congestion information in order to protect
the quality of service of established inelastic flows within a single
DiffServ domain. Status

/pdf/pre-congestion-notification-pcn-architecture-2t9o7ljr7j.pdf

Pre-Congestion Notification (PCN) Architecture

The present invention provides a method and system wherein congestion information is taken from a lower level in the protocol stack and used for congestion marking in a higher layer. In particular, the method and system of the invention from a first aspect provide for congestion information in the lower layer to be generated downstream at a congested node, and to be fed back upstream to a source node. The source node then passes the congestion information, or information derived therefrom, up to the corresponding network element responsible for higher layer functions in the protocol stack, where higher level congestion marking can then be performed in dependence on the received lower level congestion information. Thus, congestion information from the lower layer which can typically be generated earlier before significant congestion occurs can be used in higher layer congestion control functions. Preferably the lower layer is the data link layer, and the higher layer is the network layer.

Method and system for congestion marking

This document standardises the two marking behaviours of PCN-nodes:
threshold marking and excess traffic marking. Threshold marking marks
all PCN-packets if the PCN traffic rate is greater than its configured
rate. Excess traffic marking marks a proportion of PCN- packets, such
that the amount marked equals the traffic rate in excess of its
configured rate. Setting the configured rates below the physical link
rates enables PCN-nodes to provide information to support admission
control and flow termination in order to protect the quality of
service of established inelastic flows.

Metering and Marking Behaviour of PCN-Nodes

This document describes a deployment model for pre-congestion notification (PCN) operating in a large DiffServ-based region of the Internet. PCN-based admission control protects the quality of service of existing flows in normal circumstances, whilst if necessary (eg after a large failure) pre-emption of some flows preserves the quality 
of service of the remaining flows. Each link has a configured-admission-rate and a configured-pre-emption-rate, and a router marks packets that exceed these rates. Hence routers give an early warning of their own potential congestion, before packets need to be dropped. 
Gateways around the edges of the PCN-region convert measurements of packet rates and their markings into decisions about whether to admit new flows, and (if necessary) into the rate of excess traffic that 
should be pre-empted. Per-flow admission states are kept at the gateways only, while the PCN markers that are required for all routers operate on the aggregate traffic - hence there is no scalability impact on interior routers.

An edge-to-edge Deployment Model for Pre-Congestion Notification: Admission Control over a DiffServ Region

Pre-Congestion Notification (PCN) builds on the concepts of RFC 3168,
"The addition of Explicit Congestion Notification to IP". However,
Pre-Congestion Notification aims at providing notification before any
congestion actually occurs. Pre-Congestion Notification is applied to
real-time flows (such as voice, video and multimedia streaming) in
DiffServ networks. As described in [CL-DEPLOY], it enables "pre"
congestion control through two procedures, flow admission control and
flow pre-emption. The draft proposes algorithms that determine when a
PCN-enabled router writes Admission Marking and Pre-emption Marking in
a packet header, depending on the traffic level. The draft also
proposes how to encode these markings. We present simulation results
with PCN working in an edge-to-edge scenario using the marking
algorithms described. Other marking algorithms will be investigated in
the future.

/pdf/pre-congestion-notification-marking-3mr2cg0op7.pdf

Pre-Congestion Notification marking

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