A pilot study indicating the dysregulation of the complement and coagulation cascades in treated schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients

A new approach to albumin removal for proteome studies involving human plasma samples was presented with dye affinity poly glycidyl methacrylate (PGMA) nanobeads in an average size of 45 nm. The specific surface area of PGMA nanobeads was calculated as 2616 m2/g. Cibacron Blue F3GA (CB) was immobilized onto PGMA nanobeads as dye ligand, and CB immobilized PGMA (CB-PGMA) nanobeads were characterized by a serial processing. Albumin depletion efficiency of CB-PGMA nanobeads was investigated in human plasma sample and confirmed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.3109/21691401.2013.852102

Cibacron blue immobilized poly(glycidyl-methacrylate) nanobeads for albumin removal in proteome studies.

Aloe vera and its two bioactive constituents in alleviation of diabetes -proteomic & mechanistic insights.

BmooMPα-I has kininogenase activity, cleaving kininogen releasing bradykinin and can hydrolyze angiotensin I at post-proline and aspartic acid positions, generating an inactive peptide. We evaluated the antihypertensive activity of BmooMPα-I in a model of two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C). Wistar rats were divided into groups: Sham, who underwent sham surgery, and 2K1C, who suffered stenosis of the right renal artery. In the second week of hypertension, we started treatment (Vehicle, BmooMPα-I and Losartan) for two weeks. We performed an electrocardiogram and blood and heart collection in the fourth week of hypertension. The 2K1C BmooMPα-I showed a reduction in blood pressure (systolic pressure: 131 ± 2 mmHg; diastolic pressure: 84 ± 2 mmHg versus 174 ± 3 mmHg; 97 ± 4 mmHg, 2K1C Vehicle, p < 0.05), improvement in electrocardiographic parameters (Heart Rate: 297 ± 4 bpm; QRS: 42 ± 0.1 ms; QT: 92 ± 1 ms versus 332 ± 6 bpm; 48 ± 0.2 ms; 122 ± 1 ms, 2K1C Vehicle, p < 0.05), without changing the hematological profile (platelets: 758 ± 67; leukocytes: 3980 ± 326 versus 758 ± 75; 4400 ± 800, 2K1C Vehicle, p > 0.05), with reversal of hypertrophy (left ventricular area: 12.1 ± 0.3; left ventricle wall thickness: 2.5 ± 0.2; septum wall thickness: 2.3 ± 0.06 versus 10.5 ± 0.3; 2.7 ± 0.2; 2.5 ± 0.04, 2K1C Vehicle, p < 0.05) and fibrosis (3.9 ± 0.2 versus 7.4 ± 0.7, 2K1C Vehicle, p < 0.05). We concluded that BmooMPα-I improved blood pressure levels and cardiac remodeling, having a cardioprotective effect.

/pdf/bmoompa-i-a-metalloproteinase-isolated-from-bothrops-moojeni-2yd6564t.pdf

BmooMPα-I, a Metalloproteinase Isolated from Bothrops moojeni Venom, Reduces Blood Pressure, Reverses Left Ventricular Remodeling and Improves Cardiac Electrical Conduction in Rats with Renovascular Hypertension

Living organisms maintain life through a complex array of protein networks which, when disturbed, lead to disease or eventual death. The key challenge for biomedical researchers endeavouring to track and understand these biological landscapes is identifying protein markers that are unique to a disease state. This can be achieved by various tools and techniques within the field of proteomics. This article explores IPG-IEF as a means for identifying differentially expressed proteins and summarises commonly utilised fractionation methods and workflows. IPG-IEF enables researchers to drill deeper into the observable proteome to identify potential disease-specific markers which may be validated by orthogonal quantification methods such as ELISA, SRM, MRM or SWATH.

Utilising IPG-IEF to identify differentially-expressed proteins

With the advent of massively parallel sequencing (MPS) technologies, it is now possible to sequence an entire human genome for about the price it would cost to sequence four or five genes at comparable accuracy using Sanger sequencing methods. In this chapter, we discuss the opportunities and challenges of developing a MPS protocol for whole genome sequencing within a clinical laboratory as well as its potential applications for clinical use.

Whole Genome Sequencing in the Clinical Laboratory

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is characterized by abdominal discomfort and irregular bowel movements and stool consistency. As such, the gut microbiome has been posited as being influential for the syndrome. However, identifying microbial features associated with IBS symptom heterogeneity is difficult without large cohorts. Our aim was to identify microbial features associated with IBS and IBS subtypes compared to healthy controls and to determine if a synbiotic supplementation intervention could decrease the proportion of those microbial features. Stool samples from 490 individuals with IBS (including all dominant subtypes) and 122 individuals without IBS were analyzed with metagenomic sequencing. One hundred thirty-four IBS subjects were followed over time while receiving daily synbiotic supplementation, the composition of which varied between participants. IBS participants had significantly lower alpha diversity, an enrichment in Gram-negative bacteria, and a reduction in pathways associated with short-chain fatty acid and vitamin synthesis. Shigella species were significantly associated with IBS, while Eubacterium rectale and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii were associated with healthy controls. Random forest identified unique and overlapping microbial features associated with each IBS subtype. Longitudinal assessment of 134 IBS subjects receiving synbiotic supplements demonstrated a significant difference in microbial features and an increase in probiotic abundance across time. We identified microbial features that differentiate healthy and IBS subtypes. Synbiotic supplementation in IBS subjects did not result in alpha diversity change in the microbiome but did demonstrate changes in microbial features. Future work is needed to determine if the observed microbiome changes are associated with IBS symptom improvement. IMPORTANCE An estimated 35 million people in the United States and 11.5% of the population globally are affected by IBS. Immunity, genetics, environment, diet, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), and the gut microbiome are all factors that contribute to the onset or triggers of IBS. With strong supporting evidence that the gut microbiome may influence symptoms associated with IBS, elucidating the important microbes that contribute to the symptoms and severity is important to make decisions for targeted treatment. As probiotics have become more common in treating IBS symptoms, identifying effective probiotics may help inform future studies and treatment.

Alterations in Gut Microbiome Composition and Function in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Increased Probiotic Abundance with Daily Supplementation.

Background Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is characterized by abdominal discomfort and irregular bowel movements and stool consistency. Because there are different symptoms associated with IBS, it is difficult to diagnose the role of the microbiome in IBS. Objective Here, we present a study that includes metagenomic sequencing of stool samples from subjects with the predominant subtypes of IBS and a healthy cohort. We collected longitudinal samples from individuals with IBS who took daily made-to-order precision probiotic and prebiotic supplementation throughout the study. Materials and Methods This study includes a population of 489 individuals with IBS and 122 healthy controls. All stool samples were subjected to shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Precision probiotics and prebiotics were formulated for all subjects with longitudinal timepoints. Results There was significant variation explained in the microbiome between the healthy and IBS cohorts. Individuals with IBS had a lower gut microbiome diversity and reduced anti-inflammatory microbes compared to the healthy controls. Eubacterium rectale and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii were associated with healthy microbiomes while Shigella species were associated with IBS. Pathway analysis indicated a functional imbalance of short chain fatty acids, vitamins, and a microbial component of Gram-negative bacteria in IBS compared to healthy controls. In the longitudinal dataset, there was a significant difference in microbiome composition between timepoints 1 and 3. There was also a significant increase in the overall microbiome score and relative abundances of probiotic species used to target the symptoms associated with IBS. Conclusions We identified microbes and pathways that differentiate healthy and IBS microbiomes. In response to precision probiotic supplementation, we identified a significant improvement in the overall microbiome score in individuals with IBS. These results suggest an important role for probiotics in managing IBS symptoms and modulation of the microbiome as a potential management strategy. Importance An estimated 35 million people in the United States and 11.5% of the population globally are affected by IBS. Immunity, genetics, environment, diet, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), and the gut microbiome are all factors that contribute to the onset or triggers of IBS. With strong supporting evidence that the gut microbiome may influence symptoms associated with IBS, elucidating the important microbes that contribute to the symptoms and severity is important to make decisions for targeted treatment. As probiotics have become more common in treating IBS symptoms, identifying effective probiotics may help inform future studies and treatment.

/pdf/alterations-in-gut-microbiome-composition-and-function-in-58vrs00j5a.pdf

Alterations in gut microbiome composition and function in irritable bowel syndrome and increased probiotic abundance with daily supplementation

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Whole Genome Sequencing in the Clinical Laboratory

Alterations in Gut Microbiome Composition and Function in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Increased Probiotic Abundance with Daily Supplementation.

Alterations in gut microbiome composition and function in irritable bowel syndrome and increased probiotic abundance with daily supplementation