An MRI time course of 512 echo-planar images (EPI) in resting human brain obtained every 250 ms reveals fluctuations in signal intensity in each pixel that have a physiologic origin. Regions of the sensorimotor cortex that were activated secondary to hand movement were identified using functional MRI methodology (FMRI). Time courses of low frequency (< 0.1 Hz) fluctuations in resting brain were observed to have a high degree of temporal correlation (P < 10(-3)) within these regions and also with time courses in several other regions that can be associated with motor function. It is concluded that correlation of low frequency fluctuations, which may arise from fluctuations in blood oxygenation or flow, is a manifestation of functional connectivity of the brain.

Functional connectivity in the motor cortex of resting human brain using echo-planar MRI.

A review of MRI findings in schizophrenia

The intricate neuronal circuitry of the cerebellum is thought to encode internal models that reproduce the dynamic properties of body parts. These models are essential for controlling the movement of these body parts: they allow the brain to precisely control the movement without the need for sensory feedback. It is thought that the cerebellum might also encode internal models that reproduce the essential properties of mental representations in the cerebral cortex. This hypothesis suggests a possible mechanism by which intuition and implicit thought might function and explains some of the symptoms that are exhibited by psychiatric patients. This article examines the conceptual bases and experimental evidence for this hypothesis.

Control of mental activities by internal models in the cerebellum

Preface to the Paperback Edition Introduction Part One: Theories of Mind 1 A Classification of Theories of Mind 2 Dualism 3 The Attribute Theory 4 A Difficulty for any Non-materialist Theory of Mind 5 Behaviourism 6The Central-State Theory Part Two: The Concept of Mind 7 The Will (1) 8 The Will (2) 9 Knowledge and Inference 10 Perception and Belief 11 Perception and Behaviour 12 The Secondary Qualities 13 Mental Images 14 Bodily Sensations 15 Introspection 16 Belief and Thought Part Three: The Nature of Mind 17 Identification of the Mental with the Physical Bibliography Index

A materialist theory of the mind

Background. Data from postmortem, CT, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies indicate that patients with schizophrenia may have anatomical abnormalities of the left temporal lobe, but it is unclear whether these abnormalities are related to the thought disorder characteristic of schizophrenia. Methods. We used new MRI neuroimaging techniques to derive (without knowledge of the diagnosis) volume measurements and three-dimensional reconstructions of temporal-lobe structures in vivo in 15 right-handed men with chronic schizophrenia and 15 matched controls. Results. As compared with the controls, the patients had significant reductions in the volume of gray matter in the left anterior hippocampus—amygdala (by 19 percent [95 percent confidence interval, 3 to 36 percent]), the left parahippocampal gyrus (by 13 percent [95 percent confidence interval, 3 to 23 percent], vs. 8 percent on the right), and the left superior temporal gyrus (by 15 percent [95 percent confidence interval, 5 to 25 percent]...

/pdf/abnormalities-of-the-left-temporal-lobe-and-thought-disorder-1yjcir84y7.pdf

Abnormalities of the left temporal lobe and thought disorder in schizophrenia. A quantitative magnetic resonance imaging study.

The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. a final summary and discussion.

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The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. a final summary and discussion.