Common fragrance and flavor materials

Few satisfactory therapeutic agents are available for the control of Influenza virus, largely because of the continual emergence of drug-resistant mutants. Some essential oils (EOs) have demonstrated effective antimicrobial and antiviral properties in experimental conditions, but most of these studies tested the liquid oil phases, which are generally less practical and are potentially toxic for oral applications. In the present study, we evaluated several EOs and some of their major constituents for their possible anti-influenza virus properties in both liquid and vapor phases. In vapor phase Citrus bergamia, Eucalyptus globulus, and the isolated compounds citronellol and eugenol were very active against influenza virus following exposures of only 10 minutes. Pelargonium graveolens, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Cymbopogon flexuosus were also very active with 30 minutes exposure. In liquid phase, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Citrus bergamia, Cymbopogon flexuosus and Thymus vulgaris displayed 100% inhibitory activity at 3.1 µL/mL concentration. Under these conditions the vapors showed no measurable adverse effect on epithelial cell monolayers. This suggests that these oils in their vapor phases could be potentially useful in influenza therapy. The oil vapors were also evaluated for possible direct effects on the principal external proteins of the influenza virus, namely the HA (hemagglutinin) and NA (Neuraminidase). Several of the vapors inhibited the HA activity, but not the NA activity, suggesting that interaction with HA is a possible mechanism for the antiviral activity. Thus some of these oil vapors could have therapeutic benefits for people suffering from influenza, and possibly other membrane containing respiratory viruses.

https://www.essencejournal.com/pdf/2014/vol2issue1/PartA/8-565.pdf

Anti-influenza virus activity of essential oils and vapors

Composition of a volatile extract of Eryngium duriaei subsp. juresianum (M. Laínz) M. Laínz, signalised by the antifungal activity

Essential oil (EO), hydrolate, and nondistilled aqueous phase (decoction) obtained from the hydrodistillation of lemongrass byproducts were studied in terms of their potential as food ingredients under a circular economy. The EO (0.21%, dry weight basis) was composed mainly of monoterpenoids (61%), the majority being citral (1.09 g/kg). The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of lemongrass EO against Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Staphylococcus aureus, were 617, 1550, and 250 μg/mL, respectively. This effect was dependent on the citral content. Particularly for Gram-negative bacteria, a synergism between citral and the remaining EO compounds enhanced the antimicrobial activity. The polymeric material obtained from the nondistilled aqueous phase was composed of phenolic compounds (25% gallic acid equivalents) and carbohydrates (22%), mainly glucose (66 mol%). This polymeric material showed high antioxidant activity due to bound phenolic compounds, allowing its application as a functional dietary fiber ingredient. Matcha green tea formulations were successfully mixed with lemongrass hydrolate containing 0.21% EO (dry weight basis) with 58% of monoterpenoids, being citral at 0.73 g/kg, minimizing matcha astringency with a citrus flavor and extending the product shelf life. This holistic approach to essential oils’ hydrodistillation of Cymbopogon citratus byproducts allows for valorizing of the essential oil, hydrolate, and decoction for use as food ingredients.

/pdf/food-ingredients-derived-from-lemongrass-byproduct-7qpjd8mj.pdf

Food Ingredients Derived from Lemongrass Byproduct Hydrodistillation: Essential Oil, Hydrolate, and Decoction

The genus Cymbopogon belongs to Poaceae family and contain about 54 species, commonly known as "lemongrass". Cymbopogon is a medicinal plant native to tropical and subtropical areas which is applied traditionally for its numerous properties including antirheumatic, antispasmodic, analgesic, antiseptic, hypotensive, antitussive and anticonvulsant ctivities, and as a treatment for gastrointestinal and nervous disorders and fever. The aims of this study were to discuss about current state of phytochemistry, pharmacology, and pharmacological effects of different species of Cymbopogon. Electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane library and Google Scholar were searched with the scientific name and the common name of the plant until November 2019. In spite of the small number of clinical investigations, Cymbopogon genus is widely evaluated for its phytochemistry, ethnopharmacology and biological activities. Monoterpenes specially geranial, citronellol and citral are the chief components of the essential oil. Biological activities including antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, insecticidal, anticancer, hepatoprotective activities as well as its effect on skin, urogenital, gastrointestinal, neuropsychological and cardiovascular systems are proved in cell lines and animal models. Extensive studies have been done on various biological activities of lemongrass; nevertheless, safety and efficacy of Cymbopogon species are not fully evaluated in human and further well-designed clinical trials are required to confirm preclinical findings.

https://www.rjpharmacognosy.ir/article_131366_7830a32b73b821e5efcd9c6c7757b77c.pdf

A Review of Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Cymbopogon Species

Leaf oils of Cymbopogon flexuosus and Cymbopogon tortilis were submitted to combined analysis by CG(retention indices), Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The composition was dominated by geranial (39.2% and 32.0%) and neral (24.1% and 19.1%). Cis- and trans-7-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-3,6-oxyoctanal (synonym: cis- and trans-tetrahydro-5-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-2-methyl-2-furanacetaldehyde) were identified by 13C NMR by comparison with literature data.

GC(Retention Indices), GC-MS, and 13C NMR of Two Citral-Rich Cymbopogon Leaf Oils: C. Flexuosus and C. tortilis

The seed oil of Angelica acutiloba Kit. was submitted, after fractionation over silica gel, to a combined analysis by GC(RI), GC/MS and 13C-NMR. The composition was dominated by non terpenic acyclic alcohols and acetates, and phthalides. The main constituents were dodecyl acetate (33.0%), (Z)-ligustilide (17.4%), dodecanol (7.1%), p-cymene (6.4%), γ-terpinene (5.9%) and tetradecyl acetate (5.0%).

Combined Analysis of Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa Seed Oil by GC(RI), GC/MS and 13C-NMR

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Pham Van Y

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

GC(Retention Indices), GC-MS, and 13C NMR of Two Citral-Rich Cymbopogon Leaf Oils: C. Flexuosus and C. tortilis

Combined Analysis of Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa Seed Oil by GC(RI), GC/MS and 13C-NMR