This is the first of two articles (Part I and Part II) that presents the results of the new atomic mass evaluation, AME2020. It includes complete information on the experimental input data that were used to derive the tables of recommended values which are given in Part II. This article describes the evaluation philosophy and procedures that were implemented in the selection of specific nuclear reaction, decay and mass-spectrometric data which were used in a least-squares fit adjustment in order to determine the recommended mass values and their uncertainties. All input data, including both the accepted and rejected ones, are tabulated and compared with the adjusted values obtained from the least-squares fit analysis. Differences with the previous AME2016 evaluation are discussed and specific examples are presented for several nuclides that may be of interest to AME users.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1674-1137/abddb0/pdf

The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (I). Evaluation of input data, and adjustment procedures

We present a comprehensive review of keV-scale sterile neutrino Dark Matter, collecting views and insights from all disciplines involved - cosmology, astrophysics, nuclear, and particle physics - in each case viewed from both theoretical and experimental/observational perspectives. After reviewing the role of active neutrinos in particle physics, astrophysics, and cosmology, we focus on sterile neutrinos in the context of the Dark Matter puzzle. Here, we first review the physics motivation for sterile neutrino Dark Matter, based on challenges and tensions in purely cold Dark Matter scenarios. We then round out the discussion by critically summarizing all known constraints on sterile neutrino Dark Matter arising from astrophysical observations, laboratory experiments, and theoretical considerations. In this context, we provide a balanced discourse on the possibly positive signal from X-ray observations. Another focus of the paper concerns the construction of particle physics models, aiming to explain how sterile neutrinos of keV-scale masses could arise in concrete settings beyond the Standard Model of elementary particle physics. The paper ends with an extensive review of current and future astrophysical and laboratory searches, highlighting new ideas and their experimental challenges, as well as future perspectives for the discovery of sterile neutrinos.

/pdf/a-white-paper-on-kev-sterile-neutrino-dark-matter-2mp6xfrw9n.pdf

A White Paper on keV Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter

Surface diffuseness correction in global mass formula

Sterile neutrino Dark Matter

Our family of three Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) mass models, labeled BSk19, BSk20, and BSk21, is here extended by (a) refitting to the 2012 Atomic Mass Evaluation (AME), and (b) varying the symmetry coefficient $J$. Five new models, labeled BSk22 to BSk26, along with their mass tables, HFB-22 to HFB-26, respectively, are presented. These models are characterized by unconventional Skyrme forces containing ${t}_{4}$ and ${t}_{5}$ terms, i.e., density-dependent generalizations of the usual ${t}_{1}$ and ${t}_{2}$ terms, respectively. Highly realistic contact pairing forces are used. The Skyrme forces are constrained to fit realistic equations of state of neutron matter stiff enough to support the massive neutron stars PSR J1614$\ensuremath{-}$2230 and PSR J0348+0432. Unphysical spin and spin-isospin instabilities of homogeneous nuclear matter, including the transition to a polarized state in neutron-star matter, are eliminated with the new forces. The best fits to the new database of 2353 nuclei are found for models BSk24 ($J=30$ MeV) and BSk25 ($J=29$ MeV), for which the root-mean square (rms) deviations are 0.55 and 0.54 MeV, respectively. Despite the larger database this is even better than the rms deviation of 0.58 MeV that we found with our fits to the 2003 AME. With $J=32$ MeV the rms deviation rises to 0.63 MeV. The neutron-skin thicknesses derived from antiproton scattering are shown to be consistent with the conclusions that we have drawn from masses.

Further explorations of Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov mass formulas. XIII. The 2012 atomic mass evaluation and the symmetry coefficient

The AME2012 atomic mass evaluation

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The AME2012 atomic mass evaluation