. Damage assessments of natural hazards supply crucial information to decision support and policy development in the fields of natural hazard management and adaptation planning to climate change. Specifically, the estimation of economic flood damage is gaining greater importance as flood risk management is becoming the dominant approach of flood control policies throughout Europe. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art and identifies research directions of economic flood damage assessment. Despite the fact that considerable research effort has been spent and progress has been made on damage data collection, data analysis and model development in recent years, there still seems to be a mismatch between the relevance of damage assessments and the quality of the available models and datasets. Often, simple approaches are used, mainly due to limitations in available data and knowledge on damage mechanisms. The results of damage assessments depend on many assumptions, e.g. the selection of spatial and temporal boundaries, and there are many pitfalls in economic evaluation, e.g. the choice between replacement costs or depreciated values. Much larger efforts are required for empirical and synthetic data collection and for providing consistent, reliable data to scientists and practitioners. A major shortcoming of damage modelling is that model validation is scarcely performed. Uncertainty analyses and thorough scrutiny of model inputs and assumptions should be mandatory for each damage model development and application, respectively. In our view, flood risk assessments are often not well balanced. Much more attention is given to the hazard assessment part, whereas damage assessment is treated as some kind of appendix within the risk analysis. Advances in flood damage assessment could trigger subsequent methodological improvements in other natural hazard areas with comparable time-space properties.

/pdf/review-article-assessment-of-economic-flood-damage-2cxqtnpv6j.pdf

Review article "Assessment of economic flood damage"

The guide serves as a primer for decision and policy makers, technical specialists, central, regional and local government officials, and concerned stakeholders in the community sector, civil society and non-governmental organizations, and the private sector. The Guide embodies the state-of-the art on integrated urban flood risk management. The Guide starts with a summary for policy makers which outlines and describes the key areas which policy makers need to be knowledgeable about to create policy directions and an integrated strategic approach for urban flood risk management. The core of the Guide consists of seven chapters, organized as: understanding flood hazard; understanding flood impacts; integrated flood risk management (structural measures and non-structural measures); evaluating alternative flood risk management options: tools for decision makers; implementing integrated flood risk management; and conclusion. Each chapter starts with a full contents list and a summary of the chapter for quick reference.

Cities and Flooding: A Guide to Integrated Urban Flood Risk Management for the 21st Century

Architects’ perspectives on construction waste reduction by design

In Malaysia, there has not yet been any widely published research that has described contractor attitudes and behaviors regarding waste management including waste reduction, reuse and recycling. Taken together, these attitudes and behaviors are crucial to understanding how construction waste management problems might be resolved. As the Malaysian construction industry is still labor-intensive, the attitudes and behaviors of individuals involved in this industry influence its growth and performance. This paper intends to provide insights on how contractor attitudes and behaviors affect waste management in the construction industry of Malaysia. A structured questionnaire survey was implemented in order to interview local contractors. This paper utilizes logistic regression analysis to assess the relationship between various factors affecting contractor attitudes and behaviors regarding waste management. The results show that contractor attitudes and behaviors regarding waste management tend to differ based on the size of the contractor, which is indicated by its group or category. Contractors that have positive attitudes toward waste management also have satisfactory behaviors, supporting Ajzen's theory of planned behavior. The important and significant factors that affect contractor attitudes toward waste management include contractor size, source reduction, reuse and recycling measures, frequency of waste collection, staff participation in training programs and waste disposal method. Factors such as construction-related education among employees, contractor experience in construction works, source-reduction measures, reuse of materials, waste disposal behaviors and attitudes toward waste management are the most significant factors affecting contractor behavior on waste management. These factors influence contractor attitudes and behaviors and are necessary to effectively improve waste management, growth and performance, as well as to reduce the environmental degradation of the construction industry.

Attitude and behavioral factors in waste management in the construction industry of Malaysia

Benefits of conducting on-site sorting of construction waste, typically including increasing the rates of reuse and recycling, reducing the cost for waste transportation and disposal, prolonging the lifespan of landfills designed for receiving non-inert construction waste, and lessening the pollution resulted from the huge amount of construction waste, have been extensively investigated by previous studies. However, effective implementation of construction waste sorting requires a wide range of factors involving human beings, management, technology, environment and resources. So far, we know little about how to conduct effective construction waste sorting in China. This research therefore aims to identify the critical success factors (CSFs) for on-site sorting of construction waste in China. A set of methods including CSF approach, pilot study, questionnaire survey and face-to-face interview are adopted to facilitate the identification and analysis of the CSFs. Six factors including (1) manpower, (2) market for recycled materials, (3) waste sortability, (4) better management, (5) site space, (6) equipment for sorting of construction waste, are considered the CSFs for effective on-site sorting of construction waste in Shenzhen, China. These CSFs are of great significance both to researchers and industry practitioners.

Critical success factors for on-site sorting of construction waste: A china study

Quality Management in Construction

Flood Damaged Property: A Guide to Repair

Development in flood plains is not a new phenomenon in the United Kingdom (UK): in many cases the presence of a river has played a large part in the development of a town. Neither are concerns over...

/pdf/development-control-and-flood-risk-analysis-of-local-2gmyxrsqgx.pdf

Development control and flood risk: analysis of local planning authority and developer approaches to PPG25

Contracting for Engineering and Construction Projects

Public bodies have no statutory duty to provide flood defences and do not have enough funds to meet all their requirements. This has led to a recognition that flood prevention is not something to be left to others and now there is encouragement for householders to undertake “do it yourself” flood defences. Such measures are not without risk of damage to other properties. Therefore, an investigation has been undertaken to establish whether there is associated legal liability, should such damage occur. No cases have been published directly concerning liabilities for damage resulting from these activities. However, the Doctrine of Precedent declares that cases must be decided the same way when their material facts are the same. Cases which have similar relevant material facts, although not arising from modern “do it yourself” flood defence are identified. The ratio decidendi of cases concerning the receipt and passage of naturally flowing water, the increased passage of water to the property of others, and the overtopping or failure of structures that have held back water are examined. Then discusses these cases in the context of home flood defence. Concludes that protecting one's property from flooding is legally a relatively safe activity.

/pdf/potential-common-law-liability-for-privately-provided-flood-3fu7916pfy.pdf

Potential common law liability for privately provided flood defences

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