From the Publisher: 
A Question of Identity 
Life on the Screen is a fascinating and wide-ranging investigation of the impact of computers and networking on society, peoples' perceptions of themselves, and the individual's relationship to machines. Sherry Turkle, a Professor of the Sociology of Science at MIT and a licensed psychologist, uses Internet MUDs (multi-user domains, or in older gaming parlance multi-user dungeons) as a launching pad for explorations of software design, user interfaces, simulation, artificial intelligence, artificial life, agents, "bots," virtual reality, and "the on-line way of life." 
Turkle's discussion of postmodernism is particularly enlightening. She shows how postmodern concepts in art, architecture, and ethics are related to concrete topics much closer to home, for example AI research (Minsky's "Society of Mind") and even MUDs (exemplified by students with X-window terminals who are doing homework in one window and simultaneously playing out several different roles in the same MUD in other windows). Those of you who have (like me) been turned off by the shallow, pretentious, meaningless paintings and sculptures that litter our museums of modern art may have a different perspective after hearing what Turkle has to say. 
This is a psychoanalytical book, not a technical one. However, software developers and engineers will find it highly accessible because of the depth of the author's technical understanding and credibility. Unlike most other authors in this genre, Turkle does not constantly jar the technically-literate reader with blatant errors or bogus assertions about how things work. Although I personally don't have time or patience for MUDs,view most of AI as snake-oil, and abhor postmodern architecture, I thought the time spent reading this book was an extremely good investment.

스크린 위의 삶 = Life on the screen : identity in the age of the internet

Current advances in research, development and application of artificial intelligence (AI) systems have yielded a far-reaching discourse on AI ethics. In consequence, a number of ethics guidelines have been released in recent years. These guidelines comprise normative principles and recommendations aimed to harness the "disruptive" potentials of new AI technologies. Designed as a comprehensive evaluation, this paper analyzes and compares these guidelines highlighting overlaps but also omissions. As a result, I give a detailed overview of the field of AI ethics. Finally, I also examine to what extent the respective ethical principles and values are implemented in the practice of research, development and application of AI systems - and how the effectiveness in the demands of AI ethics can be improved.

/pdf/the-ethics-of-ai-ethics-an-evaluation-of-guidelines-4aa8639hrc.pdf

The Ethics of AI Ethics -- An Evaluation of Guidelines

Three articles in this volume of STI-Studies explore these developments. Frank Kleeman, Gunter Vos, and Kerstin Rieder analyze a new phenomenon named “crowdsourcing”, which has altered the roles of producers and consumers in internet-based businesses. Niels Taubert’s article deals with decision-making processes in open-source projects – a new mode of voluntary distant cooperation that only came about by the novel opportunities of the internet. Jorg Potthast asks for the new quality of digital media in controlling complex systems. In the fourth contribution Joscha Wullweber presents an analysis of nanotechnology-discourses, drawing our attention to another strand of technological innovation, which might revolutionize our lives as well.

Science, Technology & Innovation Studies

This system demonstration paper presents IRIS (Informal Response Interactive System), a chat-oriented dialogue system based on the vector space model framework. The system belongs to the class of example-based dialogue systems and builds its chat capabilities on a dual search strategy over a large collection of dialogue samples. Additional strategies allowing for system adaptation and learning implemented over the same vector model space framework are also described and discussed.

IRIS: a Chat-oriented Dialogue System based on the Vector Space Model

http://cs.potsdam.edu/faculty/laddbc/Teaching/Ethics/StudentPapers/2008Whitby-SometimesItsHardToBeARobot.pdf

Sometimes it's hard to be a robot: A call for action on the ethics of abusing artificial agents

The goal of this workshop is to address the darker side of HCI by examining how computers sometimes bring about the expression of negative emotions. In particular, we are interested in the phenomenon of human beings abusing computers. Such behavior can take many forms, ranging from the verbal abuse of conversational agents to physical attacks on the hardware. In some cases, particularly in the case of embodied conversational agents, there are questions about how the machine should respond to verbal assaults. This workshop is also interested in understanding the psychological underpinnings of negative behavior involving computers. In this regard, we are interested in exploring how HCI factors influence human-to-human abuse in computer-mediated communication. The overarching objective of this workshop is to sketch a research agenda on the topic of the misuse and abuse of interactive technologies that will lead to design solutions capable of protecting users and restraining disinhibited behaviors.

Misuse and abuse of interactive technologies

A technology demonstrator is one thing but having people use a technology is another, and the result reported here is that people often ignore our lovingly crafted handiwork. The SERA project - Social Engagement with Robots and Agents - was set up to look explicitly at what happens when a robot companion is put in someone's home. Even if things worked perfectly, there are times when a companion's human is simply not engaged. As a result we have separated our "dialog manager" into two parts: the dialog manager itself that determines what to say next, and an "interaction manager" that determines when to say it. This paper details the design of this SALT-E architecture.

A Robot in the Kitchen

The Social Engagement with Robots and Agents (SERA) project conducts research into making robots and agents more sociable. A robot setup was deployed for ten days in the homes of users to generate audio-visual data for analysis on the nature of the evolving human-robot relationship. This paper details the setup developed to provide opportunities for human-robot interaction and yield the quantity of data required for analysis. The robot's function was not to exist as part of an experiment but to exist in the user's home, fulfilling a role in his/her existing routine to ensure interaction. The system acted as an exercise monitor to encourage older people to lead a healthy lifestyle. The assumption made was that increased engagement and usefulness of the system leads to increased use, providing more data for analysis. This paper describes the SERA robot setup for each of three iterations of deployment, with particular reference to maximizing the amount of data collected.

Describing the interactive domestic robot setup for the sera project

Companions as interfaces to smart rooms need not only to be easy to interact with, but also to maintain long-term relationships with their users. The FP7-funded project SERA (Social Engagement with Robots and Agents) contributes to knowledge about and modeling of such relationships. One focal activity is an iterative field study to collect real-life long-term interaction data with a robotic interface. The first stage of this study has been completed. This paper reports on the set-up and the first insights.

Research on Social Engagement with a Rabbitic User Interface

Spoken dialog systems have been a holy grail of computer science since Turing devised his test for intelligence, and an icon of science fiction from well before that. Although there are machines you can talk to-interactive voice response (IVR) systems which answer phones, voice command systems in cars, and the Furby toy come to mind-holding a conversation with a machine, spoken or typed, is still highly problematic. It seems there is something fundamental we don't understand about the way humans use language. One popular approach is to ignore our ignorance and assume that machines can figure it out for themselves using machine learning or some form of statistical modeling of a corpus of text. Corpus analysis, however, like archeology, attempts to understand human action by looking at what we leave behind. Instead we take a software agents approach and model the language production process. The SERA project is our latest effort looking at what other disciplines can tell us about language use in context. We find that, naturally, published work focuses on the interesting while the engineering challenge is to capture the essential but often mundane. This paper proposes a narrative approach based on Vygotsky's view of psychology that captures “the big picture”. The paper finishes with an outline for a tool that merges the functionality of more conventional annotation tools with that of existing scripting environments for conversational agents.

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