This book describes and assesses pronunciation talent in its various dimensions, such as production and perception or the segmental and suprasegmental levels of speech Special focus is put on the psychological and neural correlates of phonetic performance Behavioral influences such as empathy or motivation are investigated The resulting classification of proficiency and talent level is used to select subjects for neuroimaging studies in which differences in brain activity between talented and untalented individuals are observed Key features indispensible contribution to research in the neurolinguistic analysis of pronunciation talent interesting case studies in language learning suitable reading for students of linguistics andforeign languages

Language Talent and Brain Activity

Foreign Accent Syndrome, in het Nederlands ook wel het "buitenlandsaccentsyndroom" genoemd, is een motorische spraakstoornis waardoor patienten hun moedertaal gaan spreken met een accent dat buitenlands klinkt in de oren van luisteraars. In dit proefschrift geven we een duidelijke neurolinguistische beschrijving van drie van de subtypes van het syndroom, namelijk neurogene FAS (die ontstaat na schade aan het centrale zenuwstelsel), FAS op ontwikkelingsbasis en psychogene FAS (FAS in associatie met een psychiatrische stoornis). Op basis van onze analyses, kwamen we tot de conclusie dat 1. de "segmentele" (op niveau van het foneem, een klank die de kleinste distinctieve entiteit vormt) en "suprasegmentele" kenmerken (het niveau boven dat van het foneem, heeft bvb. betrekking op intonatie en ritme) niet volstaan voor eenduidige diagnostische differentiatie tussen de verschillende subtypes: andere (neurologische of psychiatrische) symptomen, evenals symptoomaanvang, evolutie en remissie zijn vaak informatiever in dit opzicht. 2. er mogelijk een vierde variant van FAS bestaat! Bij ons corpusonderzoek vonden we dat FAS ook werd beschreven na kaakchirurgie. We besloten om in dit geval te spreken van een organisch-mechanische FAS. 3. de kleine hersenen (het cerebellum) een niet te onderschatten rol spelen in de pathofysiologie van de aandoening. 4. FAS een stoornis van duale aard is, die zowel kenmerken van een planningsstoornis als executieve stoornis in zich draagt. Eerder werd aangehaald dat FAS een opvallend aantal klinische overeenkomsten vertoont met de spraakapraxie (een planningsstoornis waarbij de patient problemen ondervindt bij het plannen van de klanken en klanksequenties) en de atactische dysartrie (een executieve stoornis waarbij de patient problemen heeft met het uitvoeren van de geplande sequenties via de articulatoren). Toch lijkt de spraak van mensen met voorgaande aandoeningen veel ernstiger verstoord te zijn dan in het geval van FAS. Na een vergelijking van de pathofysiologie en de perceptuele fonetische kenmerken van deze aandoeningen hebben we geconcludeerd dat de overeenkomsten in het klinisch beeld op het neurobiologisch vlak gerelateerd kunnen worden aan (functionele of structurele) schade van de zeer belangrijke cortico-thalamische-striatopallidale verbindingen en voornamelijk de motorische cortex, de insula, de basale ganglia en het cerebellum betreffen.

Foreign Accent Syndrome: A Neurolinguistic Analysis

Foreign accent syndrome due to conversion disorder: Phonetic analyses and clinical course

Historically, the study of human identity perception has focused on faces, but the voice is also central to our expressions and experiences of identity [Belin, P., Fecteau, S., & Bedard, C. Thinking the voice: Neural correlates of voice perception. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8, 129-135, 2004]. Our voices are highly flexible and dynamic; talkers speak differently, depending on their health, emotional state, and the social setting, as well as extrinsic factors such as background noise. However, to date, there have been no studies of the neural correlates of identity modulation in speech production. In the current fMRI experiment, we measured the neural activity supporting controlled voice change in adult participants performing spoken impressions. We reveal that deliberate modulation of vocal identity recruits the left anterior insula and inferior frontal gyrus, supporting the planning of novel articulations. Bilateral sites in posterior superior temporal/inferior parietal cortex and a region in right middle/anterior STS showed greater responses during the emulation of specific vocal identities than for impressions of generic accents. Using functional connectivity analyses, we describe roles for these three sites in their interactions with the brain regions supporting speech planning and production. Our findings mark a significant step toward understanding the neural control of vocal identity, with wider implications for the cognitive control of voluntary motor acts.

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T'ain't What You Say, It's the Way That You Say It—Left Insula and Inferior Frontal Cortex Work in Interaction with Superior Temporal Regions to Control the Performance of Vocal Impersonations

Foreign accent syndrome: A multimodal evaluation in the search of neuroscience-driven treatments

Foreign accent syndrome, speech rhythm and the functional neuronatomy of speech production

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Foreign accent syndrome, speech rhythm and the functional neuronatomy of speech production