This paper gives a brief overview of the main stream of development in English primary education in the last ten to fifteen years and links this to broader educational developments which have facilitated the reforms and particularly the establishment of teachers centres The problem of legitimating the innovations which have taken place, epitomized in the establishment of the middle school, is described; an account is given of the way in which this problem has been tentatively resolved, and the relationship to the broader problem of legitimation in modern society is indicated The ideological difficulties which more open curricula, pedagogie and buildings, and such strategies as integrated studies, integrated day, family grouping, and open-plan designed schools bring with them are also referred to and an attempt is made to highlight the area of participation as one where improvement is desirable if developments are to be adequately explained and justified The article concludes with a reference to the relationship between ‘open education’ and a continuing commitment to the value of openness in English society

The legitimation of innovation: An English path to “open education”

Middle Years at School

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Middle Years at School