1. Introduction Duncan Bell 2. Free trade and global order: the rise and fall of a Victorian vision Anthony Howe 3. The foundations of Victorian international law Casper Sylvest 4. Boundaries of Victorian international law Jennifer Pitts 5. 'A legislating empire': Victorian political theorists, codes of law, and empire Sandra Den Otter 6. The crisis of liberal imperialism Karuna Mantena 7. 'Great' versus 'small' nations: scale and national greatness in Victorian political thought Georgios Varouxakis 8. The Victorian idea of a global state Duncan Bell 9. Radicalism and the extra-European-world: the case of Marx Gareth Stedman Jones 10. Radicalism, Gladstone, and the liberal critique of Disraelian 'imperialism' Peter Cain 11. The 'left' and the critique of empire c. 1865-1900: three roots of humanitarian foreign policy Gregory Claeys 12. Consequentialist cosmopolitanism David Weinstein.

Victorian visions of global order : empire and international relations in nineteenth-century political thought

of British Historical Statistics (1962), A. H. Imlah, Economic Elements in the Pax Britannica: Studies in British Foreign Trade in the Nineteenth Century (1958), and B. R. Mitchell, British Historical Statistics (1988), to which I. Stone, The Global Export of Capital from Great Britain, 1865–1914 (1999) is a valuable addition. Particular issues are dealt with in F. Crouzet, Britain Ascendant: Comparative Studies in Franco-British Economic History (1990), P. Mathias and J. Davis, eds, International Trade and British Economic Growth (1996), and D. McCloskey, Enterprise and Trade in Victorian Britain: Essays in Historical Economics (1981). The link between trade and industrialization is explored by R. Davis, The Industrial Revolution and British Overseas Trade (1979), while S. B. Saul’s Studies in British Overseas Trade, 1870–1914 (1960) and The Myth of the Great Depression, 1873–1896 (1985) remain valuable for changes in the late nineteenth century. The relationship with empire is central to P. Cain and A. G. Hopkins, British Imperialism, 1688–2000 (2001) and there are relevant essays in A. Porter, ed., The Oxford History of the British Empire, vol. 3, The Nineteenth Century (1999). For the political economy of British trade policy, see A. Howe, Free Trade and Liberal England, 1846–1946 (1997) and D. Winch and P. K. O’Brien, eds, The Political Economy of British Historical Experience, 1688–1914 (2002). britain and the world economy 33

A companion to nineteenth-century Britain

A place in the world

Today we are often skeptical of the role played by representations of the nation state in constructing and legitimating ways of life and public policies. We portray what once appeared to be neutral...

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Political Studies as Narrative and Science, 1880-2000

The British empire is back in vogue. Driven partly by the boom in postcolonial writing, and partly by the present debate over global political order, it is once again a burgeoning field of historical study.2 However, there are deleterious gaps in this revival, most notably in the exploration of imperial political thought. While a number of pioneering historians have dissected early modern ideologies of empire, the analysis of nineteenth-century British colonial theories remains inadequate; moreover, the most impressive studies of Victorian political thought have made the question of overseas dominion tangential to the exploration of domestic intellectual movements and culture.3 This is illus-

https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/497716

Dissolving Distance: Technology, Space, and Empire in British Political Thought, 1770–1900*

How central were organic concepts of race and nationality to the Victorians' sense of self before the age of high imperialism at the end of the nineteenth century? Until comparatively recently intellectual historians had hardly even considered this question. In dissecting English thought they had tended to focus either on the persistence of Enlightenment themes or upon the development of social-evolutionary thinking, both of a marked liberal-universalist character relatively unfissured by sharp national, still less racial distinctions. But historians writing in post-colonial and post-modern modes are now making the case that even at mid-century English thought was profoundly imbued with strong concepts of race and nation, formerly associated with contemporary thought in Germany, France and Italy, but not with England. This case has been made without, on the whole, engaging closely with the ‘high’ intellectual history of the period, partly because intellectual historians had not made explicit the racial and national implications of social-evolutionary thinking. In this essay, I want to bring out these implications more clearly, demonstrating how the vitality of the social-evolutionary tradition inhibited the development of biological racism and organic nationalism in England. Beyond that, I will attempt to specify where, and to what degree, nationalist views could develop in the systematic social, political, and historical thought of those crucial years between the revolutions of 1848 and the Home Rule crisis of 1886. In the half-century before 1848, the English were already lagging well behind other Europeans in thinking seriously about ‘nationality’. Without the impetus provided by new revolutionary elites seeking to mobilise a popular following or social movements seeking emancipation through national unification, they had no powerful motive to do so.

History, Religion, and Culture: ‘Race’ and ‘nation’ in mid-Victorian thought

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History, Religion, and Culture: ‘Race’ and ‘nation’ in mid-Victorian thought