This document describes an architecture for delay-tolerant and
disruption-tolerant networks, and is an evolution of the architecture
originally designed for the Interplanetary Internet, a communication
system envisioned to provide Internet-like services across
interplanetary distances in support of deep space exploration. This
document describes an architecture that addresses a variety of
problems with internetworks having operational and performance
characteristics that make conventional (Internet-like) networking
approaches either unworkable or impractical. We define a message-
oriented overlay that exists above the transport (or other) layers of
the networks it interconnects. The document presents a motivation for
the architecture, an architectural overview, review of state
management required for its operation, and a discussion of application
design issues. This document represents the consensus of the IRTF DTN
research group and has been widely reviewed by that group. This memo
provides information for the Internet community.

/pdf/delay-tolerant-networking-architecture-3r5wbcv8gs.pdf

Delay-Tolerant Networking Architecture

This paper provides an introductory overview of Vehicular Delay-Tolerant Networks. First, an introduction to Delay-Tolerant Networks and Vehicular Delay-Tolerant Networks is given. Delay-Tolerant schemes and protocols can help in situations where network connectivity is sparse or with large variations in density, or even when there is no end-to-end connectivity by providing a communications solution for non real-time applications. Some special issues like routing are addressed in the paper and an introductory description of applications and the most important projects is given. Finally, some research challenges are discussed and conclusions are detailed.

From Delay-Tolerant Networks to Vehicular Delay-Tolerant Networks

Satellite communications are characterized by long delays, packet losses, and sometimes intermittent connectivity and link disruptions. The TCP/IP stack is ineffective against these impairments and even dedicated solutions, such as performance enhancing proxies (PEPs), can hardly tackle the most challenging environments, and create compatibility issues with current security protocols. An alternative solution arises from the delay- and disruption-tolerant networking (DTN) architecture, which specifies an overlay protocol, called bundle protocol (BP), on top of either transport protocols (TCP, UDP, etc.), or of lower layer protocols (Bluetooth, Ethernet, etc.). The DTN architecture provides long-term information storage on intermediate nodes, suitable for coping with disrupted links, long delays, and intermittent connectivity. By dividing the end-to-end path into multiple DTN hops, in a way that actually extends the TCP- splitting concept exploited in most PEPs, DTN allows the use of specialized protocols on the satellite (or space) links. This paper discusses the prospects for use of DTN in future satellite networks. We present a broad DTN overview, to make the reader familiar with the characteristics that differentiate DTN from ordinary TCP/IP networking, compare the DTN and PEP architectures and stacks, as a preliminary step for the subse- quent DTN performance assessment carried out in practical LEO/ GEO satellite scenarios. DTN security is studied next, examining the advantages over present satellite architectures, the threats faced in satellite scenarios, and also open issues. Finally, the relation between DTN and quality of service (QoS) is investigated, by focusing on QoS architectures and QoS tools and by discussing the state of the art of DTN research activity in modeling, routing, and congestion control.

Delay- and Disruption-Tolerant Networking (DTN): An Alternative Solution for Future Satellite Networking Applications Applications of DTN for future satellite networks are discussed in this paper, as well as the relationship between DTN and quality of service (QoS).

Future space exploration demands a Space Network that will be able to connect spacecrafts with one another and in turn with Earth's terrestrial Internet and hence efficiently transfer data back and forth. Currently there are hundreds of active space programs around the world that communicate in outer space. However, the concept of an Interplanetary Internet (IPN) is only in its incubation stage. Considerable amount of common standards and research is required before widespread deployment occurs to make IPN feasible. This paper presents a concise picture of the current space networking technologies and architectures. It discusses the Interplanetary Internet and Delay Tolerant Networking (DTN) concepts along with the various space networks that are currently deployed. The paper also identifies the significant areas of space network design and operation that still require extensive research and development.

Communication Technologies and Architectures for Space Network and Interplanetary Internet

In this paper we present IBR-DTN, a lightweight, modular and portable Bundle Protocol implementation and DTN daemon. IBR-DTN is especially suited for embedded platforms, which allows to leverage the benefits of a fully compliant Bundle Protocol daemon in cost sensitive distributed sensing applications. We line out IBR-DTN's extensible software architecture and introduce the modules included in the standard IBR-DTN distribution. 
To give an impression of the performance that can be expected when using IBR-DTN, we perform a series of benchmarks and compare the outcome with DTN2 performance, the reference implementation of the Bundle Protocol.

/pdf/ibr-dtn-a-lightweight-modular-and-highly-portable-bundle-1xh3emm6b3.pdf

IBR-DTN: A lightweight, modular and highly portable Bundle Protocol implementation

This document defines the bundle security protocol, which provides
data integrity and confidentiality services. We also describe various
bundle security considerations including policy options.

Bundle Security Protocol Specification

This document provides an overview of the security requirements and
mechanisms considered for delay tolerant networking security. It
discusses the options for protecting such networks and describes
reasons why specific security mechanisms were (or were not) chosen for
the relevant protocols. The entire document is informative, given its
purpose is mainly to document design decisions.

Delay-Tolerant Networking Security Overview

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Bundle Security Protocol Specification

Delay-Tolerant Networking Security Overview