In twisted single-mode optical fibers the polarization of light is affected by an elastooptically induced optical activity and by a modification of any linear birefringence present. These effects are discussed theoretically and demonstrated experimentally. The activity/twist ratio is α/τ ≃ 0.13 … 0.16 universally in weakly guiding silica fibers. Twisted fibers may be used as polarization rotators. A fiber with a ±68° double twist operates as a fast/slow mode interchanger, suitable for delay equalization.

Polarization optics of twisted single-mode fibers

The current state of the art of optical fiber sensors is reviewed. The principles of operation are detailed and the various types of fiber sensors are outlined. Achievable performance and limitations are discussed and a description of technology used to fabricate the sensor is presented. The characteristics of acoustic, magnetic, gyro, laser diode, and other sensors are described. Trends in the development of this sensor technology and expected application areas are briefly outlined.

Optical fiber sensor technology

Optical Fiber Sensor Technology

Polarization-maintaining fibers and their applications are reviewed. The classification of high-birefringent fibers and low-birefringent fibers and their fabrication methods and characteristics are discussed in Section II. Analytical methods and numerical methods for fiber design on the birefringence are presented in Section III. Degradation factors of polarization maintenance expressed as crosstalk or mode-coupling parameters caused by internal origins such as structural imperfections, wavelength, and nonlinear effects, and by external origins such as temperature fluctuations, mechanical perturbations, and electromagnetic effects, are discussed in Section IV. Characterization methods on beat length, mode coupling, stress distribution, and mechanical strength are presented in Section V. Applications to the fiber devices and nonlinear effects, and splicing methods for the polarization-maintaining fibers are described in Sections VI and VII.

Polarization-maintaining fibers and their applications

The backscattered light amplitude is measured from one end of a fiber as a function of optical frequency by tuning a HeNe laser over its linewidth. Fourier transform by a low‐frequency electronic spectrum analyzer then reveals the spatial distribution of scattering and of the fiber losses.

Optical frequency domain reflectometry in single‐mode fiber

Single‐mode fibers which maintain linear polarization are described. The fibers are birefringent and linear polarization is maintained along either of the two principal axes. The birefringence arises from the deliberate enhancement of anisotropic strains.

Linear polarization in birefringent single‐mode fibers

Continuously tunable cw Raman oscillation has been achieved in the visible by pumping a single‐mode fused silica fiber with several lines from an argon ion laser. The 100‐m‐long fiber has a core diameter of 3.3 μm and a loss of 17 dB/km at 5145 A. Threshold was achieved with ∼1.0 W of pump power in the fiber. With 4 W of 5145‐A power coupled into the fiber, the Raman oscillator was prism tuned over 80 A. Typical linewidths were ∼2 A. At 5280 A, net input to output power conversion efficiencies of ∼9% and pump depletion of over 80% have been achieved. The simplicity, efficiency, and broadband tunability of fiber Raman oscillators both in the visible and in the near infrared make them potential rivals to other coherent sources of tunable radiation, such as dye lasers and parametric oscillators.

A high‐efficiency tunable cw Raman oscillator

Dispersion Compensation for Upgrading Interoffice Networks Built with 1310 nm Optimized SMFs Using an Equalizer Fiber, EDFAs and 1310/1550 nm WDM

https://www.osapublishing.org/viewmedia.cfm?uri=OFC-1989-WR1&seq=0

Fiber-to-the-Home

Because of their superior transmission characteristics, single-mode fibers (SMFs) are the transport medium of choice for future broadband-ISDN systems.1 The use of SMFs with their nearly unlimited bandwidth reduces the likelihood of premature obsolescence of the installed fiber plant and enables the definition of BISDN interface rates and channel structures which are based on close-to-optimum coding rates for extended quality and high-definition TV. As a result, subscriber interface rates of ~150 and 600 Mb/s are being considered for standardization in the T1 Standards Committee in the United States and in CCITT Study Group XVIII. Transmission rates in the range of several Gb/s are expected to be employed in the trunk and loop-feeder network to support the future broadband services (Fig. 1). The recently introduced synchronous optical network (SONET) concept advocating a family of standardized optical interface rates is intended to simplify the multiplex process, create compatible transmission equipment, and provide midspan compatibility.2

Single-mode fiber technology in the subscriber loop environment

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Peter Kaiser

Author Tools

Chat about Author