Driven by functionality and purity demand for applications of inorganic nanoparticle colloids in optics, biology, and energy, their surface chemistry has become a topic of intensive research interest. Consequently, ligand-free colloids are ideal reference materials for evaluating the effects of surface adsorbates from the initial state for application-oriented nanointegration purposes. After two decades of development, laser synthesis and processing of colloids (LSPC) has emerged as a convenient and scalable technique for the synthesis of ligand-free nanomaterials in sealed environments. In addition to the high-purity surface of LSPC-generated nanoparticles, other strengths of LSPC include its high throughput, convenience for preparing alloys or series of doped nanomaterials, and its continuous operation mode, suitable for downstream processing. Unscreened surface charge of LSPC-synthesized colloids is the key to achieving colloidal stability and high affinity to biomolecules as well as support materials,...

Laser Synthesis and Processing of Colloids: Fundamentals and Applications

The demand is growing for new nanoscience-based technologies with unique properties that are different from traditional wet-chemical techniques. In recent years, laser ablation in liquid (LAL) has attracted increasing attention for nanomaterial synthesis, which has rapidly advanced both fundamental research and applications. Compared to other techniques, LAL is easy to set up and simple to perform. A large diversity of bulk and powder targets can be employed for LAL, which combined with an enormous variety of liquids, greatly diversify the nanomaterials that can be synthesized by LAL in terms of size, composition, shape, and structure. Although many reviews related to LAL have been published, a comprehensively thorough introduction that deals with the diversity of the targets and liquids used for LAL is still missing. To fill this gap, this review gives a comprehensive summary of the nanomaterials synthesized by LAL using different types of target and liquid, with an emphasis on the effects of liquids on the final nanoproducts. In order to provide a better understanding of the liquids’ effects, this review also discusses liquid additives such as salts, polymers, support materials, and their mixtures. Since many reactions occur during LAL, the scope of reactive laser ablation in liquid (RLAL) is redefined, and the representative reactions for each type of liquid used for LAL are summarized and highlighted. Consequently, this review will be a useful guide for researchers developing desirable nanomaterials via LAL.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2515-7647/ac0bfd/pdf

Laser ablation in liquids for nanomaterial synthesis: diversities of targets and liquids

Amperometric immunosensor for prolactin hormone measurement using antibodies loaded on a nano-Au monolayer modified ionic liquid carbon paste electrode.

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) possess unique size-dependent optical, electronic, and chemical properties, making them auspicious and tunable nanoscale building blocks for microelectronics applications. This paper reviews recent advances in integrating AuNPs into miniaturized electronic components and devices to enhance performance and enable new functionalities. The tunable plasmonic behavior, electrical conductivity, and biocompatibility of AuNPs facilitate their integration into electronic circuits, printed electronics, optoelectronics, plasmonic, and biosensing devices. Functionalizing AuNPs with specific ligands permits selective biochemical interactions for biosensing. Controlled synthesis and assembly techniques allow AuNPs to be tailored and positioned precisely within microelectronic architectures. AuNPs synthesized with well-defined size and shape distributions and deposited on substrates using lithography, self-assembly, and layer-by-layer techniques act as versatile nanoscale components for fabricating miniaturized transistors, memory devices, photodetectors, plasmonic devices, and sensors. Ongoing review addresses reproducibility, stability, and scalability challenges to fully exploit their potential in microelectronics. Overall, this review highlights recent progress in harnessing the exceptional functional properties of AuNPs for innovating the next generation of microelectronic devices and biomedical applications. 

Gold nanoparticles in microelectronics advancements and biomedical applications

Simultaneous and accurate screening of multiple genetically modified organism (GMO) components in food on the same test line of SERS-integrated lateral flow strip.

Laser-fabricated gold nanoparticles for lateral flow immunoassays.

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Laser-fabricated gold nanoparticles for lateral flow immunoassays.