HEALTH AND DEPRIVATION: Inequality and the north

The nickel-titanium alloy Nitinol has been used in the manufacture of endodontic instruments in recent years. Nitinol alloys have greater strength and a lower modulus of elasticity compared with stainless steel alloys. The super-elastic behaviour of Nitinol wires means that on unloading they return to their original shape following deformation. These properties are of interest in endodontology as they allow construction of root canal instruments that utilize these favourable characteristics to provide an advantage when preparing curved canals. This review aims to provide an overview of Nitinol alloys used in dentistry in order for its unique characteristics to be appreciated.

An overview of nickel-titanium alloys used in dentistry.

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has been specifically designed to produce undistorted three-dimensional information of the maxillofacial skeleton, including the teeth and their surrounding tissues with a significantly lower effective radiation dose compared with conventional computed tomography (CT). Periapical disease may be detected sooner using CBCT compared with periapical views and the true size, extent, nature and position of periapical and resorptive lesions can be assessed. Root fractures, root canal anatomy and the nature of the alveolar bone topography around teeth may be assessed. The aim of this paper is to review current literature on the applications and limitations of CBCT in the management of endodontic problems.

https://www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2008.01531.x

New dimensions in endodontic imaging: part 2. Cone beam computed tomography

Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) is a diagnostic imaging modality that provides high-quality, accurate three-dimensional (3D) representations of the osseous elements of the maxillofacial skeleton. CBCT systems are available that provide small field of view images at low dose with sufficient spatial resolution for applications in endodontic diagnosis, treatment guidance, and posttreatment evaluation. This article provides a literature review and pictorial demonstration of CBCT as an imaging adjunct for endodontics.

/pdf/use-of-cone-beam-computed-tomography-in-endodontics-2nwthzi1d8.pdf

Use of Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Endodontics

Orofacial clefts are common birth defects that may impose a large burden on the health, quality of life, and socioeconomic well-being of affected individuals and families. They also result in significant healthcare use and costs. Understanding the impact of orofacial clefts on these outcomes is important for identifying unmet needs and developing public policies to reduce the burden of orofacial clefts at the individual, family and societal levels. This paper reviews and summarizes the main findings of recent studies that have evaluated the impact of orofacial clefts on these outcomes, with a focus on quality of life, socioeconomic outcomes, long-term health, and healthcare use and costs. Several studies identify an increased burden of orofacial clefts on these outcomes, but some of the findings are inconsistent. A summary of the primary limitations of the studies in this area is presented, along with recommendations and directions for future research.

/pdf/the-impact-of-orofacial-clefts-on-quality-of-life-and-2tzbmx9ipt.pdf

The impact of orofacial clefts on quality of life and healthcare use and costs.

The aim of this article is to make clinicians aware of the use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) within the field of orthodontics. The paper describes five cases each one illustrating the improved diagnostic yield using CBCT over conventional radiography thus facilitating the appropriate treatment planning of patients.

Cone beam computed tomography: a useful tool in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.

Maxillary canines are the second most common teeth to become impacted, following third molars. Variable levels of incidence have been reported but roughly fall between 1-2.5%.(1) The aetiology of impaction is unknown but both environmental and genetic factors have been suggested.(2,3) The majority of impacted canines are palatally displaced(4,5) and such ectopic teeth can be associated with various complications. Rarely this may include cystic or tumourous lesions of the dental follicle or, more commonly, resorption of adjacent teeth.(6) This has a reported incidence of between 12%(6) and 68%(4) depending on the modality of diagnosis and the population sampled. With overlapping teeth causing superimposition on developed images, the diagnostic accuracy of intra-oral radiographs may be reduced. Conventional tomography also exhibits blurring of images and this again reduces its sensitivity. For this reason, Cone Beam Computed Tomography may be beneficial in selected cases of tooth resorption.

Resorption: within or without? The benefit of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography when diagnosing a case of an internal/external resorption defect

Recent developments in material science have lent themselves to improving orthodontic archwire technology. The pace of change has been great, leaving the clinician a bewildering choice of materials for the purposes of force application. The following article characterises the properties of new archwire formulations and is intended to give guidance in choosing archwire material during the first stage of orthodontic therapy.

Aligning Archwires, The Shape of Things To Come?—A Fourth and Fifth Phase of Force Delivery

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) of orthodontic patients is a diagnostic tool used increasingly in hospital and primary care settings. It offers a high-diagnostic yield, short scanning times, and a lower radiation dose than conventional computed tomography. This article reports on four incidental findings—that appear unrelated to the scan's original purpose—arising in patients for whom CBCT was carried out for orthodontic purposes. It underlines the need for complete reporting of the data set.

Incidental findings arising with cone beam computed tomography imaging of the orthodontic patient

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a rapidly emerging imaging modality in dentistry that offers the advantages of high diagnostic yield with short scanning times and a radiation dose significantly lower than conventional CT. Clinical applications of CBCT are numerous and they are being used both within the hospital and the primary care setting. The need for complete interpretation of CBCT images is essential. This report presents two patients for whom CBCT was carried out for orthodontic related purposes and incidental findings of cervical vertebrae clefts diagnosed. CBCT wherever they are undertaken should be reported by someone who has undergone adequate training in their interpretation particularly when machines using a large field of view are employed.

/pdf/mid-line-clefts-of-the-cervical-vertebrae-an-incidental-48t2mlthhb.pdf

Mid-line clefts of the cervical vertebrae - an incidental finding arising from cone beam computed tomography of the dental patient.

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