Today, the bleaching of nonvital, discolored teeth is a low-risk routine treatment for improving esthetics. This review article focuses on the etiology of tooth discolorations, different treatment techniques, and risks of bleaching procedures. Some tooth discolorations in endodontically treated teeth are caused by dental treatments. The three most popular techniques for nonvital tooth bleaching are the walking bleach technique, inside/outside bleaching, and in-office bleaching. The walking bleach technique is a relatively reliable, fairly simple technique for dentists and patients. Inside/outside bleaching can be used additionally when internal and external bleaching must be combined. In-office bleaching seems to be a short-term solution, the effects of which can largely be attributed to dehydration of the teeth. There are still some open questions concerning the bleaching agents. Improved safety seems desirable with regard to adding thiourea as a scavenger of radicals or newer materials such as sodium percarbonate. The thermocatalytic technique, insufficient cervical sealing, and high concentrations of bleaching agents should be avoided, as this can increase the risk of cervical root resorptions. Patients should be informed about the low predictability of bleaching success and the risk of recurrent discoloration. The risk of cervical root resorption should be discussed with the patient. There is a strong correlation between root resorption and dental trauma.

Bleaching of nonvital teeth. A clinically relevant literature review

In this second paper the clinical indicators of root resorption and their diagnosis and management are considered. While the clinical picture can be similar, pathological processes of resorption vary greatly from site to site and this paper proposes appropriate approaches to treatment for teeth that are affected by resorption.

Resorption: part 2. Diagnosis and management

Background and objective Dentists often question the use of resin-bonded fixed partial dentures (RBFPDs) for reliable restoration of tooth-bound edentulous spaces. Initial attempts at bonding fixed partial dentures on teeth resulted in early failure due to debonding. In the 1980s and 1990s, improvements in preparation methods, metal alloys and bonding techniques made the RBFPD a more predictable option. In this paper, we summarize recent information concerning its success and failure. Methods A MEDLINE search using key words describing RBFPDs was carried out to identify pertinent English articles appearing in peer-reviewed journals since 2000. Results The principle reason for failure of RBFPDs remains debonding of the framework from the abutment teeth. Selection of nonmobile abutment teeth, preparation to enhance retention and resistance form, choice of the appropriate alloy and metal, and tooth bonding technique are the keys to success. The use of cantilever and nonrigid attachments may decrease interabutment forces and reduce debonding of retainers. Conclusions The survival rate of RBFPDs is still considerably lower than that of conventional fixed partial dentures. Although RBFPDs can be used in both the anterior and posterior regions of the mouth to replace 1 or 2 missing teeth, careful abutment selection, tooth preparation, alloy selection and bonding technique are critical for clinical success.

https://www.cda-adc.ca/jcda/vol-73/issue-10/933.pdf

Resin-bonded fixed partial dentures: what's new?

PURPOSE: This study developed light cured dental composites with added monocalcium phosphate monohydrate (MCPM), tristrontium phosphate (TSrP) and antimicrobial polylysine (PLS). The aim was to produce composites that have enhanced water sorption induced expansion, can promote apatite precipitation and release polylysine.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Experimental composite formulations consisted of light activated dimethacrylate monomers combined with 80 wt% powder. The powder phase contained a dental glass with and without PLS (2.5 wt%) and/or reactive phosphate fillers (15 wt% TSrP and 10 wt% MCPM). The commercial composite, Z250, was used as a control. Monomer conversion and calculated polymerization shrinkage were assessed using FTIR. Subsequent mass or volume changes in water versus simulated body fluid (SBF) were quantified using gravimetric studies. These were used, along with Raman and SEM, to assess apatite precipitation on the composite surface. PLS release was determined using UV spectroscopy. Furthermore, biaxial flexural strengths after 24 hours of SBF immersion were obtained.

RESULTS: Monomer conversion of the composites decreased upon the addition of phosphate fillers (from 76 to 64%) but was always higher than that of Z250 (54%). Phosphate addition increased water sorption induced expansion from 2 to 4% helping to balance the calculated polymerization shrinkage of ~ 3.4%. Phosphate addition promoted apatite precipitation from SBF. Polylysine increased the apatite layer thickness from ~ 10 to 20 μm after 4 weeks. The novel composites showed a burst release of PLS (3.7%) followed by diffusion-controlled release irrespective of phosphate addition. PLS and phosphates decreased strength from 154 MPa on average by 17% and 18%, respectively. All formulations, however, had greater strength than the ISO 4049 requirement of > 80 MPa.

CONCLUSION: The addition of MCPM with TSrP promoted hygroscopic expansion, and apatite formation. These properties are expected to help compensate polymerization shrinkage and help remineralize demineralized dentin. Polylysine can be released from the composites at early time. This may kill residual bacteria.

/pdf/dental-composites-with-calcium-strontium-phosphates-and-3d4tf238o4.pdf

Dental Composites with Calcium / Strontium Phosphates and Polylysine

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this in vitro study is to compare the compressive strength (CS) and diametral tensile strength (DTS) of the zirconia-reinforced restorative material (Zirconomer®) with conventional glass ionomers (Fuji 1X) and amalgam. MATERIALS AND METHODS Specimens (n = 120) were fabricated from silver amalgam, reinforced glass ionomer cement (GIC) (glass ionomer, Fuji 1X GC Corp.), and zirconia-reinforced glass ionomer (Zirconomer, Shofu Inc.) for testing the CS and DTS. The results were analyzed using analysis of variance, followed by a Tukey post hoc test. RESULTS Both CS and DTS were found to be significantly higher for the zirconia-reinforced GIC and silver amalgam compared with GIC (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION A newer class of restorative material like Zirconomer helps to overcome the potential hazard of mercury, but retains the strength and durability of amalgam as well as the sustained high-fluoride release of GICs. Furthermore, long-term studies are required to confirm its use as an alternative to the currently available posterior restorative material.

/pdf/study-of-the-mechanical-properties-of-the-novel-zirconia-46lsq07nhs.pdf

Study of the Mechanical Properties of the Novel Zirconia-reinforced Glass lonomer Cement.

The discoloured, non-vital anterior tooth is a common aesthetic concern for many patients. It can have a profound effect on their self-esteem, interaction with others and employability. Discoloured non-vital teeth are frequently compromised owing to previous trauma, caries, endodontic therapy and failed restorations. Destructive invasive treatment options are likely to weaken the residual structure of the tooth. This can reduce the prognosis and challenge the long-term viability of the tooth, thereby initiating further prosthetic predicaments. This paper discusses modern approaches to the treatment of discoloured teeth. The importance of preventing and eliminating the potential for discoloration will be highlighted. The paper will include a detailed technical account on the application of the inside/outside bleaching technique, with several clinical examples.

Managing discoloured non-vital teeth: the inside/outside bleaching technique.

The second part of this paper discusses strategies for providing restorative dental care for the parafunctional patient. These include direct composite resin restorations, cast metal resin-retained restorations and dentine-bonded crowns, design features for porcelain fused to metal crowns and denture design. Specific features can help enhance predictability in the hostile environment of increased occlusal loading and parafunction.

Demolition experts: management of the parafunctional patient: 2. Restorative management strategies.

The first part of this paper discusses the clinical problems associated with providing predictable restorative dental care for parafunctional patients. The identification of patients with this problem is important, as is patient understanding and the optimization of preventive approaches, all of which are considered. In the second part, restorative strategies will be presented.

Demolition Experts: Management of the Parafunctional Patient: 1. Diagnosis and Prevention

This clinical paper discusses the problem of managing established erosion in the young patient. For a significant number of these patients it is not possible to establish conclusively the erosive source. Intermediate composite restorations, in addition to the use of normal preventive measures, can be used to protect eroded teeth from further damage. The main goal of such restorations is to protect the viability of the worst-affected teeth until such time as the aetiological factors can be identified and controlled. They can also improve overall aesthetics and create interocclusal space.

Young adult patients with established dental erosion--what should be done?

Dental maintenance and rehabilitation of head and neck cancer care is becoming more important as the outcome of cancer treatment improves. The management of these patients can be very difficult for a number of reasons as discussed in part one of this two-part series. This second part attempts to suggest possible solutions for the management of the major oral health problems encountered by these patients during and after their cancer treatment.

Effects of radiotherapy to the jaws. 2: Potential solutions.

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Peter Briggs

Author Tools

Chat about Author