Sodium deprivation and renin secretion in unanesthetized dogs.

Plasma renin activity (PRA), supine and sitting blood pressure (BP) and urinary sodium and potassium excretion were studied in 120 normotensive subjects aged 22–78 years, during strictly standardized conditions. PRA was measured after 1 h supine rest (basal PRA) after ambulation for 3–4 h (upright PRA) and after stimulation with 80 mg frusemide orally (stimulated PRA). PRA was determined with a new, simple, accurate and sensitive radioimmunoassay method. Supine and sitting systolic BP increased with age but no such correlation was found for the diastolic BP. No correlation could be shown between the BP levels and either the sodium or the potassium excretions. PRA levels increased about two-fold from basal to upright levels and about four-fold from basal levels after stimulation. No differences in mean PRA-levels were seen between males and females. We could not demonstrate any correlations between PRA-levels and 24 h sodium or potassium excretions, nor was there any relationship between age and PRA. Refer...

Relationships between blood pressure, age, plasma renin activity and electrolyte excretion in normotensive subjects.

Plasma-renin activity was studied, under different conditions of sitmulation, in normal subjects and patients with essential hypertension. In normal subjects, three components of renin release, "basal," "neural," and "sodium-sensitive," could be delineated. Among the hypertensive patients, abnormal patterns of renin release were noted. The categorization of patients according to "plasma-renin status," however, differed with the conditions of testing, being dependent both on the pathophysiology of the essential hypertension and the character of the renin-releasing stimulus, specifically whether this stimulus elevated plasma-renin activity through a predominantly neural (upright posture) or non-neural mechanism (dietary sodium deprivation). Abnormal plasma-renin activity in essential hypertension resulted in part from disordered sympathetic nervous system function. Patients with mild hypertension and elevated plasma-renin activity exhibited increased neural stimulation of renin release, whereas in patients with low plasma-renin values, all three components of renin release, including the neural element, were diminished.

The determinants of plasma-renin activity in essential hypertension.

Catecholamines and the regulation of hormone secretion.

• To evaluate the influence of low-salt diet on the sympathetic nervous system activity, the adaptation to upright posture in five normal subjects was studied during normal salt and 10-mEq sodium and 60-mEq potassium diets. On assuming upright posture, there were similar rises in pulse rate and diastolic blood pressure (BP) but a decline in systolic BP, during both diets. A prompt rise in plasma norepinephrine level during low-sodium diet was greater than during normal diet. Orthostatic response of the plasma epinephrine level was small, although significant, but unaffected by the diets. During normal-sodium diet, plasma renin activity response was delayed, but a prompt and enhanced response was observed during low-sodium diet. These data suggest that sodium deprivation enhances the sympathetic nervous system activity and the orthostatic stimulation of renin release. ( Arch Intern Med 140:1485-1489, 1980)

The Influence of Sodium Restriction on Orthostatic Sympathetic Nervous Activity

Effect of sodium depletion on plasma renin concentration before and during adrenergic β-receptor blockade with propranolol in normotensive man

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Effect of sodium depletion on plasma renin concentration before and during adrenergic β-receptor blockade with propranolol in normotensive man