Enantioselective determination by capillary electrophoresis with cyclodextrins as chiral selectors.

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography and Extraction

Chiral separation principles in capillary electrophoresis

This review is in support of the development of selective, reproducible and validated capillary electrophoretis (CE) methods. Focusing on pharmaceutical and biological applications, the successful use of CE is demonstrated by more than 800 references, mainly from 1994 until 1998. Approximately 80 recent reviews have been catalogued. These articles sum up the existing strategies for method development in CE, especially in the search for generally accepted concepts, but also looking for new, promising reagents and ideas. General strategies for method development were derived not only with regard to selectivity and efficiency, but also with regard to precision, short analysis time, limit of detection, sample pretreatment requirements and validation. Standard buffer recipes, surfactants used in micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC), chiral selectors, useful buffer additives, polymeric separation media, electroosmotic flow (EOF) modifiers, dynamic and permanent coatings, actions to deal with complex matrices and aspects of validation are collected in 20 tables. Detailed schemes for the development of MEKC methods and chiral separations, for optimizing separation efficiency, means of troubleshooting, and other important information for key decisions during method development are given in 19 diagrams. Method development for peptide and protein separations, possibilities to influence the EOF and how to stabilize it, as well as indirect detection are considered in special sections.

Strategies for capillary electrophoresis: Method development and validation for pharmaceutical and biological applications

Chiral separation of amino acids and peptides by capillary electrophoresis.

Direct and indirect chiral separation of amino acids by capillary electrophoresis

A new precolumn reagent for amino acid determination, 2-(9-anthryl)ethyl chloroformate (AEOC), was introduced to obtain higher sensitivity in two capillary separation techniques, liquid chromatography (LC) and electrophoresis (CE). The chromophore in the (9-fluorenyl)methyl chloroformate (FMOC) reagent was replaced by anthracene, which resulted in a reagent with very high molar absorptivity (epsilon 256 = 180,000 L mol-1 cm-1). This permits AEOC-tagged species to be detected at nanomolar levels with UV absorbance detection in standard 50-microns-i.d. fused silica capillaries. Weaker absorption bands match the UV argon laser lines of 351 and 368 nm, which allows for convenient laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection. In this mode, picomolar limits of detection are obtained. In addition to measuring the limits of detection, we examined micellar electrokinetic chromatography, free solution capillary electrophoresis, and packed capillary LC and compared these methods regarding the separation of amino acids.

Determination of 2-(9-Anthryl)ethyl Chloroformate-Labeled Amino Acids by Capillary Electrophoresis and Liquid Chromatography with Absorbance or Fluorescence Detection

Characterization of fuels by multi-dimensional supercritical fluid chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry

Quantitative hydrocarbon group analysis of gasoline and diesel fuel by supercritical fluid chromatography

Determination of chiral reagent purity by capillary electrophoresis

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