The complexity of water contaminants, both chemical and biological requires an efficient and feasible treatment alternative. Herein, the photocatalytic ozonation treatment using graphitic carbon nitride catalysts was effectively applied for the elimination of a mixture of targeted chemical contaminants, and both Escherichia coli bacteria and Human polyomavirus JC (JC virus) in real secondary wastewater. The exfoliation treatment was compared in catalysts prepared using urea and melamine as precursors. The physical treatment provided no significant enhancement in the urea-based catalyst, while the improvement in the structure of the melamine-based (36MCN) material and formation of melem heterojunction increased its catalytic properties. In both sets of contaminants, the photocatalytic ozonation systems were superior to photolytic ozonation, especially regarding ozone consumption. The best catalyst, 36MCN, resulted in a decrease of 57.5%, 33.0% and 29.0% in the ozone dose required to eliminate chemical, bacteria and virus contaminants, respectively. The hydroxyl radicals were also shown as a key responsible for the pollutant's elimination. The higher radical production and decomposition of ozone are possible indications of the better performance of graphitic carbon nitride photocatalytic ozonation, as an efficient tertiary wastewater alternative. 

Emerging contaminants and pathogenic microorganisms elimination in secondary effluent by graphitic carbon nitride photocatalytic ozonation processes

Protecting forests and maintaining their water conservation function has proven to be the most effective approach to generating and maintaining water quantity from the source to the end user. The water conservation and water regulating properties of forest ecosystems that are inherent in forested areas are an undervalued resource at the current stage. To turn this property into a source of income, it needs to be institutionalized as a production function of forest owners. This also defines the main aim of this research, namely to design and implement a system for mapping the territorial distribution and characteristics of sanitary protection zones in Bulgaria, which will help assess the condition and determine the value of ecosystems and ecosystem services. In this regard, this paper presents the approaches used to integrate and design the spatial data of the sanitary protection zones and the database of the forests in Bulgaria in a repository and the system created to visualize these data through different approaches.

/pdf/gis-application-for-forest-territories-providing-water-1ebadoxd.pdf

GIS Application for Forest Territories Providing Water Ecosystem Services

ABSTRACT Ensuring compliance with the minimum Water Quality Standards stipulated by law demands the implementation of strategic measures within the watershed. Water pollution modeling serves as a tool to guide the formulations of effective pollution control strategies. However, the inherent complexity of calibration, spatial-temporal variability, and uncertainty, in addition to effective communication of technical information to decision makers, makes it challenging to prioritize actions, implement them, and allocate resources efficiently. This paper presents the implementation of a Web-GIS for decision making support which combines collaborative hydrological and hydrodynamic modeling results with an interactive visualization of the Paranapanema river basin in the South of Brazil. The Web-GIS aimed to overcome the difficulty of presenting scientific results to decision-makers, gathering and harmonizing diverse datasets. Combining information from the watershed, the pollutant loads estimations for three substances (phosphorus, nitrogen, and BOD), the resulting concentrations in rivers and reservoirs, as well as the results for different future scenarios into a unified platform. It is expected that decision-making regarding water bodies framework will be facilitated by identifying the primary sources and pathways of pollution, prioritizing basins with the highest load production, an determining realistic possibilities of load reduction through effective measures.

pdf/a-web-gis-for-decision-making-to-achieve-water-quality-3gdooplxms.pdf

A Web-GIS for decision making to achieve water quality standards of water bodies through collaborative watershed modeling


 The main aim of this paper is to introduce a solution for network analysis based on pgRouting to resolve the bicycle accessibility of forested green spaces. The proposed application uses open-source software tools such as PostgreSQL with PostGIS extension. The solution includes a complete description of how to perform network analysis using a spatial database with SQL and pgRouting. The implemented functionalities consist of solutions for finding the equidistance or isochrone area for any selected point location. The method is tested on case study data drawn from a total of 9,500 km of roads suitable for cyclists in the Poznań Metropolitan Area, located in western Poland. The results of the analysis were isochrones determining the bicycle accessibility of forested areas. The accessibility analysis was performed considering an urbanised residential area. As a result of the analysis, locations with the best and limited access to forested green areas were identified. Moreover, the described methodology is ready to be used to solve various accessibility problems.

Spatial database applications for network analysis: Case study of bicycle accessibility of forested areas in the Poznań Metropolitan Area, Poland

Water abstraction in areas affected by seawater intrusion threatens agricultural and water resources by degrading water quality and availability. This study developed a solar-powered real-time water quality monitoring and control system to address these challenges, particularly in brackish canals where seawater intrusion is prominent.The system integrates multi-parameter sensors for dissolved oxygen (DO), salinity, temperature, and pH, connected to a microcontroller for data acquisition, wireless transmission, and automated pump control based on predefined thresholds. The methodology included four stages: 1. sensor calibration and accuracy testing using bottled, canal, and saltwater; 2. evaluation of the solar power system for adequate energy generation and storage; 3. testing of wireless data transmission stability; and 4. a 30-day field deployment at the Sukreep Canal, Chonburi Province, Thailand. Results demonstrated that sensors maintained high accuracy with minimal deviation from laboratory standards. The solar-powered battery reached full charge within four hours, ensuring continuous operation. Data transmission was stable throughout the field test, and the control algorithm successfully halted pumping when salinity exceeded 30 ppt, resuming once conditions normalized. Other parameters—temperature, pH, and DO—remained within acceptable agricultural limits.The system offers a cost-effective, sustainable approach for continuous water quality monitoring and adaptive management in brackish environments. 

A comprehensive real-time water quality monitoring and control system to prevent seawater intrusion in the Sukreep Canal, Chonburi Province, Thailand

The complexities of microbial detection and conventional enumeration necessitates the adoption of pragmatic alternatives. This review expands the boundaries of knowledge for microbial detection and sensing, particularly within the field of water quality analysis. Observed alternatives to conventional techniques for microbial analyses in recent studies include Microarray, Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization‐time of flight (MALDI‐TOF) and flow cytometry, while nanosensors stood out as an alternative for microbial detection in real‐time. This study presents the limitation of conventional methods of detection in water and presents nanoparticles as a detection agent with possibility of incorporation into point‐of‐use detection. It is notable that nanosensors are currently emerging in the detection of bacteria, viruses and other pathogens in water and have been used in the detection of bacterial pathogens than viral. Nanosensors are established as good choice for rapid water analysis with application in point‐of‐use and analytical devices. In the use of nanozymes, the choice over natural enzymes can be linked to their unique and excellent catalytic activities, cost‐effectiveness and ease of mass production.

Detection of Microbial Contaminants in Water: Conventional Methods, Pragmatic Alternatives, and Nanosensing Techniques

Corrigendum to "Development of a GIS-based knowledge hub for contaminants of emerging concern in South African water resources using open-source software: Lessons learnt" [Heliyon 9 (1) (January 2023) Article e13007].

http://www.cell.com/article/S2405844023002141/pdf

Development of a GIS-based knowledge hub for contaminants of emerging concern in South African water resources using open-source software: Lessons learnt

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Detection of Microbial Contaminants in Water: Conventional Methods, Pragmatic Alternatives, and Nanosensing Techniques

Corrigendum to "Development of a GIS-based knowledge hub for contaminants of emerging concern in South African water resources using open-source software: Lessons learnt" [Heliyon 9 (1) (January 2023) Article e13007].

Development of a GIS-based knowledge hub for contaminants of emerging concern in South African water resources using open-source software: Lessons learnt