Growth And Yield

The adoption of agroforestry system aims to combine food production enhancement to compensate population growth with the improvement of agricultural marketable products to increase household income. The diversification of food crop products requires more effective land use. In Gunungkidul, high-density teak (Tectona grandis) plantation has dominated many private forests. The area under the tree crown has received low light intensity, where only shade-resistant plants can survive. Tuber crops, i.e., arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea), canna (Canna edulis) and yam (Dioscorea esculenta) are shade-tolerant crops, which were planted in tree understory for supplementary food production and income generation. The cultivation under teak stand has been overlooked due to uncertainty in tuber productivity. To address this knowledge gap, the effect of teak shade (5- and 7-year teak) on the growth and yield of the three tuber crops was examined. The results indicated that both teak trial areas (with RLI 45.13% and 38.76%) were suitable for canna production (LER > 1), while management options were recommended for enhancing arrowroot and yam production. The LER of intercropped three-tuber crops under 5 years’ teak were >1, while of those under 7 years’ teak, only canna reached >1. Canna is the preferred option to be mixed in teak agroforestry systems with low light intensity due to its consistent yields, whether planted in open area or under teak shade. Silvicultural management, pruning and thinning are recommended to increase the growing space and resource sharing for intercropped plants. Land optimization in private forest understory using shade-resistant tubers will offer medium-term benefits, provided that proper silvicultural procedures are applied.

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/2/449/pdf?version=1644887266

Intercropping Tuber Crops with Teak in Gunungkidul Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

The utilization of cropland and rooftops for solar photovoltaics (PVs) installation holds significant potential for enhancing global renewable energy capacity with the advantage of dual land-use. This study focuses on estimating the global area suitable for agrivoltaics (PV over crops) and rooftop PVs by employing open-access data, existing literature and simple numerical methods in a high spatial resolution of 10 km × 10 km. For agrivoltaics, the suitability is assessed with a systematic literature review on crop-dependent feasibility and profitability, especially for 18 major crops of the world. For rooftop PV, a non-linear curve-fitting method is developed, using the urban land cover to calculate the PV-suitable built-up areas. This method is then verified by comparing the results with open-access building footprints. The spatially resolved suitability assessment unveils 4.64 million km2 of global PV-usable cropland corresponding to a geographic potential of about 217 Terawatts (TW) in an optimistic scenario and 0.21 million km2 of rooftop-PV suitable area accounting for about 30.5 TW maximum installable power capacity. The estimated suitable area offers a vast playground for energy system analysts to undertake techno-economic assessments, and for technology modellers and policy makers to promote PV implementation globally with the vision of net-zero emissions in the future.

/pdf/cropland-and-rooftops-the-global-undertapped-potential-for-24ptoerl.pdf

Cropland and rooftops: the global undertapped potential for solar photovoltaics

Majority of people of South coast of West Java, from Sukabumi, Cianjur, Garut are fishermen. Natural conditions are very dry and the area of land for agriculture, particularly rice cultivation is minimal. So that the condition of the society is more directed to high enough levels of food insecurity. Because coastal areas tend to have a longer dry season from rainfall. Results of research conducted in the years 2013 - 2016 in the area of Pelabuhan Ratu, Cidaun (Cianjur), Coastal area of Jayanti, Ranca Buaya, Mekar Mukti, and along the coast until Pameungpeuk, Leuweung Sancang, is known that jalawure plant which grows wild at South-coast region of West Java is precisely the alternative solution to address food insecurity. The results of the starch flour is a source of carbohydrate that is high enough to be used as a substitute for rice and wheat. Another potential source of jalawure nutrition is also recommended for diabetics consumption.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/193/1/012035/pdf

Starch Product of Wild Plants Species Jalawure (Tacca leontopetaloides L.) Kuntze as The Source of Food Security in The South Coastal West Java

Padi rentan terhadap perubahan iklim sehingga perubahan iklim mempegaruhi produksi padi bahkan hingga gagal panen. Lahan pertanaman padi yang rusak akibat kekeringan dan kebanjiran. Penentuan musim tanam bisa menjadi solusi adaptasi perubahan iklim sehingga produksi padi tetap stabil. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui perubahan iklim di Kabupaten Malang dan mengetahui perubahan musim tanam terhadap produktivitas padi di Kabupaten Malang. Penelitian di laksanakan di wilayah Kabupaten Malang yaitu sentra produksi padi di Kecamatan Donomulyo, Kecamatan Kalipare, Kecamatan Kepanjen. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari hingga April 2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan data wawancara petani dan data iklim Kabupaten Malang Stasiun Geofisika Karang Kates tahun 1997-2016 dan data produktivitas padi Kabupaten Malang tahun 1997-2016. Analisis data menggunakan Uji Regresi Linear Berganda dan Uji Korelasi. Kabupaten Malang telah terjadi keragaman iklim yang ditunjukkan dengan keragaman curah hujan, suhu, lama penyinaran, dan kelembaban udara dari tahun 1997-2016. Hasil analisis keragaman produktivitas padi 72% dipengaruhi oleh teknik budidaya yaitu varietas, irigasi, sistem tanam, jarak tanam, dan pemupukan, lalu 28% di pengaruhi oleh iklim yaitu curah hujan, suhu, lama penyinaran, dan kelembaban udara. Perubahan iklim tidak mempegaruhi perubahan musim tanam padi pada lahan irigasi di Kabupaten Malang.

https://jpt.ub.ac.id/index.php/jpt/article/download/165/156

Dampak Perubahan Iklim Terhadap Perubahan Musim Tanam Padi (Oryza sativa L.) di Kabupaten Malang

Abstract. Istiqomah I, Isnansetyo A, Murwantoko, Handayani DP, Lestari YN, Taslihan A, Permana IGN, Wijayanti E. 2023. Antibiotic resistance of emerging pathogenic bacteria of hybrid grouper farming in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 2493-2501. A hybrid grouper is among the main coastal farming species in Asian countries, yet vibriosis is still a significant issue. Therefore, a knowledge of pathogenic strains responsible for recent cases is essential for developing appropriate control measures. The purpose of the study was to describe emerging bacterial pathogens associated with hemorrhagic disorder, skin wounds, and mortality in cantang hybrid grouper farms in Indonesia. A total of 30 bacterial strains were recovered from the kidney of diseased grouper on TCBS agar. Based on the ability to induce clinical signs and mortality of grouper juveniles owing to intraperitoneal bacterial infection at 106 CFU/fish, the bacteria were divided into three groups: pathogenic (n=11), low-pathogenic (n=2), and non-pathogenic (n=17). The pathogenic strains were putatively identified as Photobacterium damselae subsp. damsela (n=8), Vibrio alginolyticus (n=1), Vibrio harveyi (n=2), and Vibrio azureus (n=2) based on the biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA and DNA gyrase B subunit gene sequences. The pathogenic bacteria were sensitive to erythromycin, gentamycin, oxytetracycline, and kanamycin. However, it still has various resistant patterns to ampicillin, fosfomycin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, rifampicin, and enrofloxacin. This study demonstrated the emergence of pathogenic P. damselae subsp. damselae, Vibrio alginolyticus, V. harveyi, and V. azureus in grouper aquaculture in Indonesia with multiple antibiotic resistance, which needed to further studies.

/pdf/morpho-physiological-based-selection-criteria-for-chili-17uov0oz.pdf

Morpho-physiological-based selection criteria for chili (Capsicum annuum) under drought stress during vegetative to generative phase

. Lestari P, Utami NW, Wawo AH. 2019. Adaptation on low light intensity of lesser yam (Dioscorea esculenta) under artificial shading. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 5: 374-382. Tubers can be used as an alternative food to reduce dependence on rice. Current status of lesser yam is considered rare. However, it can still be found in people's yards in some areas of Java island, especially the older generation. The high content of inulin in the lesser yam tuber makes it feasible to be one candidate potential functional food source. The planting of lesser yam in the agroforestry component has important meaning to increase the productivity of the alleyway between forest crop and ex situ lesser yam conservation. The introduction of low-input lowland cultivation can be a factor to attract the farmer to cultivate lesser yam. The experiments were prepared based on the RCBD nested design. The research is intended as a baseline data to determine the adaptation of lesser yam to low light intensity stress. The data can be applied to determine the age of main timber plant commodities that can still be interspersed with lesser yam. The study was conducted with nesting plots. The level of shade as the main plot consists of 0% shade, 25% shade, 55% and 75% shades. Organic fertilizer as a subplot consists of no fertilizer and with fertilizer. Each treatment having 3 replications consisting of 3 plant observations. Organic fertilizer gave since 2 weeks after planting with a dose of 25cc / lt every week until the plant is 3 months old. Observations were made in plant growth, yield, and physiological phases. Almost all observation variables showed shade treatment more affecting growth and production of crops than fertilizer treatment. This good growth shows that the canopy of the plant grows optimally in full light conditions. Under different shade conditions, total yields did not differ between shade levels up to 50%, but tuber production was more uniform in shade 25% and 50%. Further research is needed on the interaction of lesser yam in various timber commodities as a major component of agroforestry.

/pdf/adaptation-on-low-light-intensity-of-lesser-yam-dioscorea-jpw15fmw5w.pdf

Adaptation on low light intensity of lesser yam (Dioscorea esculenta) under artificial shading

. Wawo AH, Sumbogo VG, Lestari P. 2020. Comparison on seed germination and seedling growth between Indonesian local corn cultivars for decide the quality of seed. Biodiversitas 21: 3189-3199. Each region in Indonesia has local corn cultivars (Zea mays L), for example, South Sulawesi has some Pulut Pangkajene cultivars and Purbalingga, Central Java has Entog and Senggani cultivars. Compared to hybrid corn, local corn has its advantages such as dry resistance, short life, and specific taste. The identification of seed germination and seedling growth for Pangkajene corn (South Sulawesi), Entog and Senggani corns (Purbalingga) has not been performed, thus, specific characteristics to differ those three corn cultivars have not been available. The study aims to establish the characteristics of local corn cultivars, comprise the seed germination, seedling growth, and determine the best local corn cultivars for supporting food sources. This research has Factorial patterned with a Completely Randomized Design and it was repeated 4 times. The main factor is the germination facility, namely germination chamber and nursery house. Meanwhile, the second factors are corn cultivars, namely Pangkajene, Entog, and Senggani. The result shows that the Pangkajene and Entog cultivars have higher germinability and germination value compared to Senggani corn cultivar. Pangkajene and Senggani cultivars have higher seedling growth than Entog cultivar seedlings characterized by high relative growth rate (R) values. The Pangkajene cultivar has higher quality compared to 2 local corn cultivars of Entog and Senggani from Purbalingga (Central Java). Further, Senggani cultivars have higher quality than Entog cultivars.

/pdf/comparison-on-seed-germination-and-seedling-growth-between-4wjnfpxmbc.pdf

Comparison on seed germination and seedling growth between Indonesian local corn cultivars for decide the quality of seed

Quick Evaluation for Cold Tolerant Line By Using Thermogradientbar. Lowtemperature stress was the main obstacle for rice growth in high elevation. Low temperaturestress greatly affect the vegetatif growth stage and generatif. There were required screening /quick test to determine the tolerance genotype for low temperature stress. Thermogradientbaris one quick screening tool that could potentially be used in the rice in the vegetatif phase.This study aimed to evaluate quickly for getting the tolerant rice lines on low temperaturestress. The study was conducted in November-December 2015 Biology Laboratory, LIPI. Atotal of 15 lines of upland rice and 3 checks were used in the testing. Gradient temperature onthermogradientbar tool were 12, 17, 18, 21, 22, 25, 26, 28, 31 oC. Seeds of each strain testedwith 5 replications. The number of replicates results show low temperature stress began tolook at the temperature of 18 oC. Genotype G3 (B12165D-MR-8-1-1-2), G4 (B11910D-MR-22-2), G5 (B14217F-MR-1), and G6 ( B14168E-MR-5) were a sensitive genotypes at atemperature <18 oC and a real contrast to the check-resistant white Sigambiri. StrainB12165D-MR-8-1-1-2 is the most sensitive by 23:14% germination.

Uji Cepat untuk Padi Toleran Suhu Rendah Menggunakan Thermogradientbar

Polynesian arrowroot (Tacca leontopetaloides), taka, is one of the tuberous plants that distributed near the sea shore to 220 m above sea level. Taka produces two kind of tubers, parent tuber and peripheral tuber. Local people in several locations used taka for forages, cakes, cosmetics and woven. This plant is a minor crop comodity in Indonesia, so it is not widely cultivated yet, and no informations about taka propagation method and its cultivation. Taka produces both tuber and seed for regeneration propose. Aim of this study was to investigate vegetative propagation of taka and its growth pattern. Results showed that propagation by parent tuber required 24 weeks after sowing to produce new peripheral tuber. Material propagation from new peripheral tuber will become new plant. This new plant will produce next generation tuber in 5 months later. Propagation by peripheral tuber (from field exploration) required 24 -28 weeks after sowing to produce next generation plant with leaves and flower stalk directly. Stolon and the next generation tuber were also produced. Taka tuber can be harvested when its leaf turned yellowish.

/pdf/studi-perbanyakan-vegetatif-tanaman-taka-tacca-254swb8ojt.pdf

STUDI PERBANYAKAN VEGETATIF TANAMAN TAKA (Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) Kuntze) DAN POLA PERTUMBUHANNYA

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