The frequent outbreak of global infectious diseases has prompted the development of rapid and effective diagnostic tools for the early screening of potential patients in point-of-care testing scenarios. With advances in mobile computing power and microfluidic technology, the smartphone-based mobile health platform has drawn significant attention from researchers developing point-of-care testing devices that integrate microfluidic optical detection with artificial intelligence analysis. In this article, we summarize recent progress in these mobile health platforms, including the aspects of microfluidic chips, imaging modalities, supporting components, and the development of software algorithms. We document the application of mobile health platforms in terms of the detection objects, including molecules, viruses, cells, and parasites. Finally, we discuss the prospects for future development of mobile health platforms. 

/pdf/smartphone-based-platforms-implementing-microfluidic-2grh62qi.pdf

Smartphone-based platforms implementing microfluidic detection with image-based artificial intelligence

We conceptualize bioresource upgrade for sustainable energy, environment, and biomedicine with a focus on circular economy, sustainability, and carbon neutrality using high availability and low utilization biomass (HALUB). We acme energy-efficient technologies for sustainable energy and material recovery and applications. The technologies of thermochemical conversion (TC), biochemical conversion (BC), electrochemical conversion (EC), and photochemical conversion (PTC) are summarized for HALUB. Microalgal biomass could contribute to a biofuel HHV of 35.72 MJ Kg-1 and total benefit of 749 $/ton biomass via TC. Specific surface area of biochar reached 3000 m2 g-1 via pyrolytic carbonization of waste bean dregs. Lignocellulosic biomass can be effectively converted into bio-stimulants and biofertilizers via BC with a high conversion efficiency of more than 90%. Besides, lignocellulosic biomass can contribute to a current density of 672 mA m-2 via EC. Bioresource can be 100% selectively synthesized via electrocatalysis through EC and PTC. Machine learning, techno-economic analysis, and life cycle analysis are essential to various upgrading approaches of HALUB. Sustainable biomaterials, sustainable living materials and technologies for biomedical and multifunctional applications like nano-catalysis, microfluidic and micro/nanomotors beyond are also highlighted. New techniques and systems for the complete conversion and utilization of HALUB for new energy and materials are further discussed. 

/pdf/bioresource-upgrade-for-sustainable-energy-environment-and-3hseoupo.pdf

Bioresource Upgrade for Sustainable Energy, Environment, and Biomedicine

/pdf/novel-pumping-methods-for-microfluidic-devices-a-2ld54b76.pdf

Novel Pumping Methods for Microfluidic Devices: A Comprehensive Review

The rise of antibiotic resistance is a threat to global health. Rapid and comprehensive analysis of infectious strains is critical to reducing the global use of antibiotics, as informed antibiotic use could slow down the emergence of resistant strains worldwide. Multiple platforms for antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) have been developed with the use of microfluidic solutions. Here we describe microfluidic systems that have been proposed to aid AST. We identify the key contributions in overcoming outstanding challenges associated with the required degree of multiplexing, reduction of detection time, scalability, ease of use, and capacity for commercialization. We introduce the reader to microfluidics in general, and we analyze the challenges and opportunities related to the field of microfluidic AST.

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2022/lc/d2lc00394e

Microfluidics for antibiotic susceptibility testing.

The colon tumor microenvironment has a high concentration of H2S and glutathione, which is highly immunosuppressive and adverse to multiple therapeutic methodologies such as ferroptosis. Here, an engineered microbial nanohybrid based on Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Cu2O nanoparticles to specific colon tumor therapy and immunosuppression reversion is reported. The as‐prepared E. coli@Cu2O hybrid can accumulate in tumor sites upon intravenous injection, and Cu2O nanoparticles convert to CuxS by consuming the endogenous H2S, which exhibits strong photothermal conversion at near‐infrared II (NIR II) biological window. Furthermore, E. coli@Cu2O is able to induce cellular ferroptosis and cuproptosis through inactivation of glutathione peroxidase 4 and aggregation of dihydrolipoamide S‐acetyltransferase, respectively. Photothermal‐enhanced ferroptosis/cuproptosis achieved by E. coli@Cu2O reverses the immunosuppression of colon tumors by triggering dendritic cell maturation (about 30%) and T cell activation (about 50% CD8+ T cells). Concerted with immune checkpoint blockade, the engineered microbial nanohybrid can inhibit the growth of abscopal tumors upon NIR illumination. Overall, the designed microbial nanohybrid can achieve tumor‐specific photothermal‐enhanced ferroptosis/cuproptosis and immunosuppression reversion, showing promise in precise tumor therapy in future clinical translation.

Engineered Microbial Nanohybrids for Tumor-Mediated NIR II Photothermal Enhanced Ferroptosis/Cuproptosis and Immunotherapy.

Reduction/pH-responsive Disassemblable MOF-microbial Nanohybrid for Targeted Tumor Penetration and Synergistic Therapy

Hand-powered vacuum-driven microfluidic gradient generator for high-throughput antimicrobial susceptibility testing.

High-throughput and proteome-wide discovery of endogenous biomolecular condensates.

Rapid Determination of Phase Diagrams for Biomolecular Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation with Microfluidics.

Immunoassays serve as powerful diagnostic tools for early disease screening, process monitoring, and precision treatment. However, the current methods are limited by high costs, prolonged processing times (>2 h), and operational complexities that hinder their widespread application in point-of-care testing. Here, we propose a novel centrifugo-pneumatic reciprocating flowing coupled with spatial confinement strategy, termed PRCM, for ultrafast multiplexed immunoassay of pathogens on a centrifugal microfluidic platform. Each chip consists of four replicated units; each unit allows simultaneous detection of three targets, thereby facilitating high-throughput parallel analysis of multiple targets. The PRCM platform enables sequential execution of critical steps such as solution mixing, reaction, and drainage by coordinating inherent parameters, including motor rotation speed, rotation direction, and acceleration/deceleration. By integrating centrifugal-mediated pneumatic reciprocating flow with spatial confinement strategies, we significantly reduce the duration of immune binding from 30 to 5 min, enabling completion of the entire testing process within 20 min. As proof of concept, we conducted a simultaneous comparative test on- and off-the-microfluidics using 12 negative and positive clinical samples. The outcomes yielded 100% accuracy in detecting the presence or absence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, thus highlighting the potential of our PRCM system for multiplexed point-of-care immunoassays.

Centrifugo-Pneumatic Reciprocating Flowing Coupled with a Spatial Confinement Strategy for an Ultrafast Multiplexed Immunoassay.

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