A review on seawater sea-sand concrete: Mixture proportion, hydration, microstructure and properties

Compressive performance of high-strength seawater and sea sand concrete-filled circular FRP-steel composite tube columns

In this study, seawater sea-sand Engineered Geopolymer Composites (SS-EGC) were developed and investigated for the first time. The developed EGC achieved high compressive strength (over 140 MPa) and high tensile ductility (around 8%) simultaneously. Emphasis was placed on understanding the influence of seawater and sea-sand (compared to freshwater and washed sea-sand) on the matrix properties and tensile performance of EGC, with two fly ash-to-slag ratios (8:2 and 2:8) considered in the matrices. Results showed that the use of seawater hindered the reaction of EGC matrix and led to a slight reduction of compressive strength (compared to the freshwater counterpart). It was found that the content of hydrotalcite phases in SS-EGC matrix was higher than that of freshwater EGC. In addition, using seawater was found to increase the average modulus of matrix obtained from nanoindentation, leading to a higher fiber/matrix bond strength. The tensile strain capacity of SS-EGC was slightly lower than that of freshwater EGC. The developed SS-EGC showed superior crack resistance and better sustainability than the cement-based counterpart from the literature (with similar compressive strength). The findings of this study provided useful knowledge for the design and development of high-strength high-ductility SS-EGC towards sustainable and resilient marine infrastructures. 

Seawater sea-sand engineered geopolymer composites (EGC) with high strength and high ductility

The application of seawater as the mixing water in concrete production could mitigate the increasing demand for fresh water in concrete production associated with the continuously increasing offshore infrastructures. Understanding the key factors that influence the properties of seawater-mixed cementitious materials could promote the application of seawater during concrete preparation. A comprehensive investigation was carried out to assess the effects of the water/cement ratio (w/c), the partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with supplementary cementitious materials, and the salt concentration in seawater on the rheological properties (plastic viscosity (η), dynamic yield stress (τd), thixotropic area (Athix)), compressive strength (fc), hydration products and microstructure of cement pastes. The results show that there was an increase in η, τd, Athix and fc in all seawater mixes compared to deionized (DI) water mixes, and the increase in strength was more significant in the pastes with a lower w/c. The increase in salt concentration in the seawater did not linearly increase fc; instead, the early age strength increased initially and then decreased. This result was due to the combined effects of the increased chloride and Na+ ions on the strength development with the increase in salt concentration in the seawater. Interestingly, it was found that there was a good correlation between the results of η and fc for the seawater mixes in this study, and the same η value indicated a higher fc in the seawater mix than in the DI water mix.

Rheological properties, compressive strength, hydration products and microstructure of seawater-mixed cement pastes

Experimental study on the effects of glass fibres and expansive agent on the bond behaviour of glass/basalt FRP bars in seawater sea-sand concrete

Mechanical behavior of concrete using seawater and sea‐sand with recycled coarse aggregates

Mechanical behaviour of seawater sea-sand recycled coarse aggregate concrete columns under axial compressive loading

Effect of loading-induced damage on chloride ingress behavior of recycled aggregate concrete: A comprehensive review

Thermal resistance, water absorption and microstructure of high-strength self-compacting lightweight aggregate concrete (HSSC-LWAC) after exposure to elevated temperatures

Freeze-thaw resistance of recycled aggregate concrete incorporating ferronickel slag as fine aggregate

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