https://ir.nctu.edu.tw:443/bitstream/11536/25803/1/000287901900001.pdf

Current status of microwave application in wastewater treatment-A review

The efficient conversion of solar energy by means of photocatalysis shows huge potential to relieve the ongoing energy crisis and increasing environmental pollution. However, unsatisfactory conversion efficiency still hinders its practical application. The introduction of external fields can remarkably enhance the photocatalytic performance of semiconductors from the inside out. This review focuses on recent advances in the application of diverse external fields, including microwaves, mechanical stress, temperature gradient, electric field, magnetic field, and coupled fields, to boost photocatalytic reactions, for applications in, for example, contaminant degradation, water splitting, CO2 reduction, and bacterial inactivation. The relevant reinforcement mechanisms of photoabsorption, the transport and separation of photoinduced charges, and adsorption of reagents by the external fields are highlighted. Finally, the challenges and outlook for the development of external-field-enhanced photocatalysis are presented.

Photocatalysis Enhanced by External Fields.

Evaluation of bias potential enhanced photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol with TiO2 nanotube fabricated by anodic oxidation method

The photocatalytic degradation of benzylparaben in TiO2 suspension under UV irradiation was investigated and different experimental parameters were optimized. The degradation apparently followed a Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetic relationship and the apparent first order rate constant was found equal to kapp = 0.017 min−1. It was found that alkaline pH was beneficial for benzylparaben photocatalysis, and the highest degradation efficiency was obtained at pH 9. A TiO2 loading of 2.5 g L−1 was enough to reach an optimal conversion rate while a higher loading (3.0 g L−1) had obvious inhibition phenomenon. The pseudo first order kinetic constant increased from 0.0043 to 0.025 min−1 while oxygen concentration increased from 0 to 36 mg L−1. In addition, the removal efficiency decreased while initial benzylparaben concentrations increased from 5 to 25 mg L−1. Light intensity is a quite important parameter influencing benzylparaben photocatalysis since for photonic flux ranging from 1.2 to 5.0 × 1015 photons s−1 cm−2, the rate constant was directly proportional to the photonic flux, while for higher intensity (from 5.0 to 5.8 × 1015 photons s−1 cm−2) the rate of degradation varied as a square root of the photonic flux. Different intermediates of benzylparaben photocatalysis were identified or characterized by GC–MS and HPLC and total organic carbon (TOC) analyses showed an almost total mineralization. These observations suggest that photocatalysis may be envisaged as an efficient method for treatment of diluted waste waters containing emerging paraben pollutants.

Study of benzylparaben photocatalytic degradation by TiO2

Microwave assisted rapid and complete degradation of atrazine using TiO2 nanotube photocatalyst suspensions

Degradation of 4-chlorophenol by a microwave assisted photocatalysis method

A microwave assisted UV electrodeless discharge lamp system (MW/UV) was used for photo-degradation of 4CP simulated wastewater. In order to evaluate the degradation efficiency of 4CP, UV spectrophotometry and ion chromatography were used for determination of 4CP and Cl - respectively. The degradation rate in MW/UV system was higher than that in the UV system within 120min, which were 52 40% and 21 56% respectively. The degradation efficiency was improved by increasing pH value of the solution, aerating O 2 gas, enhancing light intensity, or adding H 2O 2 oxidant. The degradation of 4CP under MW/UV accords with the first order kinetics equation.

[Microwave assisted UV electrodeless discharge lamp photochemical degradation of 4-chlorophenol in aquatic solutions].

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Degradation of 4-chlorophenol by a microwave assisted photocatalysis method

[Microwave assisted UV electrodeless discharge lamp photochemical degradation of 4-chlorophenol in aquatic solutions].