This paper introduces a new method for stability analysis and design of fast voltage-loop compensators in rectifiers with power factor correction (PFC). The method has few constraints and can be used with various implementations of the fast voltage loop. It is based on utilization of circle criterion, which unifies frequency domain and nonlinear system analysis. A step-by-step procedure of stability assessment and compensator design is described and demonstrated on two controller implementations. In the first system, the voltage-loop dynamic response of an experimental 200-W digitally-controlled boost-based PFC is improved with a self-tuning comb filter. In the second implementation, it is shown how the circle criterion can be used to design a fast voltage loop for controllers with regulation band, i.e., ldquodead-zone,rdquo element for ripple elimination.

Compensator Design and Stability Assessment for Fast Voltage Loops of Power Factor Correction Rectifiers

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise mitigation is an important issue that should be addressed and emphasized when designing DC/DC converters. These later, are known to be the primary culprit of the EMI noise generation in most of the electronic systems, mainly due to the switching action of the MOSFET circuitries. Passive input EMI LC filters have been the intuitive solution for EMI noise mitigation; hence they have been integrated in almost every DC/DC converters. However, their size, weight and cost can cause a significant constraint in some applications. To overcome these constraints, an input active EMI filter is proposed. The active filter is based on the noise current phase shift and the injection of this noise current back to the DC input bus. However, the combination of the input active and the passive filters shows a substantial attenuation of the conducted emissions as compared to the passive filter only, which in turn contributes to the reduction of the size and weight of the input passive EMI filter. The proposed combination provides a design solution for compliance engineers where the PCB real-estate is an issue. Experimental results to demonstrate the performance and the effectiveness of the input active EMI filter in DC/DC converters are presented.

Conducted EMI noise mitigation in DC-DC converters using active filtering method

This study introduces a technique that combines passive and active electromagnetic interference (EMI) filtering methods to attenuate the common mode conducted noise in the input bus of the DC/DC converter and to minimise the size and the cost of the existing passive EMI filters. The technique presented can be implemented in all DC/DC converters topologies to provide a level of compliance with the electromagnetic directives. The circuit analysis and the attenuation curves showing the performance and the viability of this technique is provided. The filter input/output impedance criterion is verified to ensure the stability of the converter, by measuring the gain and the phase margins of the open-loop frequency response of the converter. The proposed technique provides a valuable design solution for compliance engineers where the Printed Circuit Board real-estate is an issue. Experimental results reveal more than 30 dB attenuation across the electromagnetic compatibility spectrum. This method contributes to the reduction of the size and weight of the input passive EMI filter. The proportion of the passive filter as compared to the DC/DC converter device can vary from 5 to 3%, depending on the converter specifications. Experimental results to demonstrate the performance and the effectiveness of the input active EMI filter in DC/DC converters are presented.

Suppression of common-mode input electromagnetic interference noise in DC–DC converters using the active filtering method

All the interconnected regulated systems are prone to impedance-based interactions making them sensitive to instability and transient-performance degradation. The applied control method affects significantly the characteristics of the converter in terms of sensitivity to different impedance interactions. This paper provides for the first time the whole set of impedance-type internal parameters and the formulas according to which the interaction sensitivity can be fully explained and analyzed. The formulation given in this paper can be utilized equally either based on measured frequency responses or on predicted analytic transfer functions. Usually, the distributed dc–dc systems are constructed by using ready-made power modules without having thorough knowledge on the actual power-stage and control-system designs. As a consequence, the interaction characterization has to be based on the frequency responses measureable via the input and output terminals. A buck converter with four different control methods is experimentally characterized in frequency domain to demonstrate the effect of control method on the interaction sensitivity. The presented analytical models are used to explain the phenomena behind the changes in the interaction sensitivity.

/pdf/effect-of-control-method-on-impedance-based-interactions-in-ef977dyhdk.pdf

Effect of Control Method on Impedance-Based Interactions in a Buck Converter

The use of distributed power supply (DPS) systems is continuously growing in powering different electronic systems and equipment The systems compose of regulated switched-mode converters, which typically operate in a cascaded configuration constituting a dynamically demanding constellation prone to instability and performance degradation It is well known that the origin of the interactions is the different impedances distributed within the system The mechanism and characterizing parameters causing the source-reflected interactions will be investigated in this paper both theoretically and experimentally using a buck converter under voltage-mode (VM), peak-current-mode (PCM) and input-voltage-feedforward (IVFF) control The reflected interactions would be eliminated if the forward-voltage transfer function can be made zero but in practice such a condition cannot be fully achieved The investigations show that the VM-controlled convert is very sensitive to the source-reflected interactions

Source-Reflected Load Interactions in a Regulated Converter

This paper presents methods to accurately predict loop gains in dc-dc converters when arbitrary impedance is added to the input of a dc-dc converter. A step-by-step procedure is presented to implement the methods, which can also be developed in a CAD tool. Online evaluation is also presented. Experimental data verify the proposed approach.

Accurate loop gain prediction for DC-DC converter due to the impact of source/input filter

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Accurate loop gain prediction for DC-DC converter due to the impact of source/input filter