In recent years, the development of electronic skin and smart wearable body sensors has put forward high requirements for flexible pressure sensors with high sensitivity and large linear measuring range. However, it turns out to be difficult to increase both of them simultaneously. In this paper, a flexible capacitive pressure sensor based on a porous carbon conductive paste-polydimethylsiloxane composite is reported, the sensitivity and the linear measuring range of which were developed using multiple methods including adjusting the stiffness of the dielectric layer material, fabricating a microstructure and increasing the dielectric permittivity of the dielectric layer. The capacitive pressure sensor reported here has a relatively high sensitivity of 1.1 kPa-1 and a large linear measuring range of 10 kPa, making the product of the sensitivity and linear measuring range 11, which is higher than that of the most reported capacitive pressure sensors to our best knowledge. The sensor has a detection of limit of 4 Pa, response time of 60 ms and great stability. Some potential applications of the sensor were demonstrated, such as arterial pulse wave measuring and breath measuring, which shows it as a promising candidate for wearable biomedical devices. In addition, a pressure sensor array based on the material was also fabricated and it could identify objects in the shape of different letters clearly, which shows promising application in future electronic skins.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6528/ab3695/pdf

Flexible capacitive pressure sensor with sensitivity and linear measuring range enhanced based on porous composite of carbon conductive paste and polydimethylsiloxane

For more than three decades, type III devices have been used in the diagnosis of sleep disordered breathing in supervised as well as unsupervised settings. They have satisfactory positive and negative predictive values for detecting obstructive and central sleep apnoea in populations with moderately high pre-test probability of symptoms associated with these events. However, standardisation of commercially available type III devices has never been undertaken and the technical specifications can vary widely. None have been subjected to the same rigorous processes as most other diagnostic modalities in the medical field. Although type III devices do not include acquisition of electroencephalographic signals overnight, the minimum number of physical sensors required to allow for respiratory event scoring using standards outlined by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine remains debatable. This technical standard summarises data on type III studies published since 2007 from multiple perspectives in both adult and paediatric sleep practice. Most importantly, it aims to provide a framework for considering current type III device limitations in the diagnosis of sleep disordered breathing while raising research- and practice-related questions aimed at improving our use of these devices in the present and future. This technical standard provides a framework for considering current type III device limitations while raising research- and practice-related questions aimed at improving our use of these devices in the present and future https://bit.ly/3KikOhS

/pdf/ers-technical-standards-for-using-type-iii-devices-limited-2b8sug5x.pdf

ERS technical standards for using type III devices (limited channel studies) in the diagnosis of sleep disordered breathing in adults and children

Double layer carbon-nanoparticle-based flexible pressure sensor with high precision and stability

A wearable flexible sensor fabricated on an ultrathin substrate is proposed for sleep respiratory monitoring in nasal cavity. The sensitive unit is composed of aurum multiturn microcoil fabricated on the surface of a polyimide catheter by the rotated lithography system, and the signal measurement is based on the principle of thermal resistance. The signal simulation and performance tests of the respiration sensor have been conducted, which demonstrate that the sensor has great performance in anti-interference, response speed, sensitivity, durability, and stability in long-time usage. The practical human tests in various simulated respiratory disease situations, mainly including apnea and hypopnea, display clear differences between normal and abnormal breathing signals measured by the sensor. The respiratory signals measured by this sensor can be utilized to analyze the various respiratory disease conditions. The presented wearable ultrathin flexible respiratory sensor has shown great potential for preliminary diagnosis of sleep respiratory diseases and sleep health monitoring.

A Wearable Ultrathin Flexible Sensor Inserted Into Nasal Cavity for Precise Sleep Respiratory Monitoring

/pdf/recent-progress-in-long-term-sleep-monitoring-technology-16ldw8mg.pdf

Recent Progress in Long-Term Sleep Monitoring Technology

Portable respiratory monitor (PRM) has been proposed for pre-diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). However, discrepant physiological signal combinations were rarely studied for diagnostic assessment of OSAS. This study was designed to evaluate combination modes of key physiological signals collected by portable sensor modules for OSAS screening in comparison with polysomnography (PSG). People with suspected OSAS were submitted to PRM at a sleep laboratory monitoring concurrently with PSG. The diagnostic accuracy was assessed by sensitivity, specificity, Pearson correlation coefficients, kappa statistic, and Bland-Altman plot. Four combination modes of PRM, including mode 1 with single nasal airflow, mode 2 with airflow plus body activity, mode 3 with airflow plus SpO2, tri-combination mode 4 with airflow plus SpO2 plus activity were studied. Thirty-five subjects (69% men, mean age ± SD, 49 ± 12 years) with averaged apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of 36 ± 29 events/h were tested. Excluding incomplete recordings, 33 valid samples were analyzed. All PRM modes demonstrated good concordances with PSG in diagnostic outcomes. Tri-combination mode had optimum with sensitivity of 96.5%, specificity of 100%, +LR of 4, −LR of 0.03, and kappa coefficient of 0.85 for screening OSAS holding AHI ≥5. Its Bland-Altman plots also showed the smallest dispersion. This study used clinical comparison to demonstrate diagnostic accuracy of PRM with different physiological signal combination. The combination of respiratory airflow, oxygen saturation, and body activity provided sufficiently high accuracy for diagnosing OSAS. Single respiratory airflow sensor as the simplest PRM was also feasible for pre-screening OSAS.

Combination mode of physiological signals for diagnosis of OSAS using portable monitor.

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Combination mode of physiological signals for diagnosis of OSAS using portable monitor.