Designing multi-mode optical thermometers via the thermochromic LaNbO4:Bi3+/Ln3+ (Ln = Eu, Tb, Dy, Sm) phosphors

A novel multi-center activated single-component white light-emitting phosphor for deep UV chip-based high color-rendering WLEDs

Near-ultraviolet light induced red emission in Sm3+-activated NaSrLa(MoO4)O3 phosphors for solid-state illumination

A strategy of optical temperature sensing was developed by using various thermal quenching of Mn4+ and Eu3+ for double perovskite tellurite phosphor in optical thermometers. Herein, SrGdLiTeO6 (SGLT): Mn4+,Eu3+ phosphors were synthesized by a high-temperature solid-state reaction method. The temperature-dependent emission spectra indicated that two distinguishable emission peaks originated from Eu3+ and Mn4+ exhibited signiﬁcantly diverse temperature responses. Therefore, optical thermometers with a dual-mode mechanism were designed by employing a fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) of Mn4+ (2Eg→4A2g) and Eu3+ (5D0→7F1,2) and the decay lifetime of Mn4+ as the temperature readouts. The temperature sensing of the phosphors ranging from 300 to 550 K were studied. The maximum relative sensitivities (Sr) are obtained as 4.9% K−1 at 550 K. Meanwhile, the 695 nm emission of Mn4+ possessed a temperature-dependent decay lifetime with Sr of 0.229% K−1 at 573 K. Relevant results demonstrate the SrGdLiTeO6:Mn4+, Eu3+ phosphor as an optical thermometer candidate and also provide constructive suggestions and guidance for constructing high-sensitivity dual-mode optical thermometers.

Constructing ultra-sensitive dual-mode optical thermometers: Utilizing FIR of Mn4+/Eu3+ and lifetime of Mn4+ based on double perovskite tellurite phosphor

Rare earth-doped Ba3La(VO4)3 phosphors with tunable emitting colors were firstly explored and their photoluminescence properties were systematically investigated. The experimental results show that the Ba3La(VO4)3 phosphors exhibit high-brightness self-activated emission and enable us to sensitize the luminescence of rare earth activators. Under near-ultraviolet (UV) excitation, both the broadband emission from VO43− groups and the sharp peak emissions from Eu3+ ions are observed in Ba3La(VO4)3:Eu3+ phosphors. Modulation of the emitting color from green to red can be realized by adjusting the Eu3+ doping concentration, which is assigned to an efficient energy transfer from VO43− to Eu3+ ions. Notably, the optical thermometry of Ba3La(VO4)3:Eu3+ was characterized based on the fluorescence intensity ratio of VO43− and Eu3+ emissions in the 298–573 K range, with the maximum absolute and relative sensitivities of 0.0515 K−1 and 1.77% K−1 at 298 K. In addition, similar phenomena were observed in Sm3+ and Dy3+-doped Ba3La(VO4)3 phosphors. These results verify a feasible strategy for varying the emission color and realizing optical thermometry in the single-component phosphors by adjusting the energy transfer between the host and the activator. It provides new possibilities for the design of multifunctional materials for white light-emitting diodes and non-contact thermometry.

Realizing emission color tuning, ratiometric optical thermometry and temperature-induced redshift investigation in novel Eu3+-doped Ba3La(VO4)3 phosphors.

Near-ultraviolet and blue light excited Sm3+ doped Lu2MoO6 phosphor for potential solid state lighting and temperature sensing

Near-infrared downconversion luminescence of SrMoO4:Tm3+,Yb3+ phosphors

Intense electromagnetic pulses are electromagnetic waves with sharp rise time, high field strength and short duration. They have attracted more and more attention in recent years because they can cause destructions or malfunctions of some key national core infrastructures, such as power grids, communication and financial networks, etc. Hence, it is important to harden these facilities to ensure that they can survive in the face of electromagnetic pulse attacks. A direct way to investigate the vulnerabilities of these facilities is placing them in the electromagnetic environments generated by EMP simulators. However, the scale of facilities under test are limited by the working volumes of simulators. With the increase in working volumes and field strength, the price and technical difficulty of simulators are increased. Therefore, low cost and sustainable test methods to investigate vulnerabilities of large-scale systems against EMP are proposed in this study. The study takes advantage of continuous wave immersion (CWI) test and pulse current injection (PCI) test methods, which are low cost and sustainable to predict the pulse responses and assess the nonlinear effect of large-scale facilities under EMP attacks. In a CWI test, the magnitude of the transfer function of large-scale systems or facilities can be measured, and the corresponding phase information of the transfer function can be reconstructed by minimum phase algorithm (MPA) if the systems meet the minimum phase condition. After acquiring the entire information of the transfer function, we can predict the responses of a system under threat-level EMP attacks. However, these responses are obtained under the assumption that the system does not have nonlinear effects. Because the CWI is a low-level test, it cannot simulate the threat-level EMP attacks. In the PCI test proposed here, a bulky pulse current is coupled into the system to stimulate enough current intensity, just as the system was attacked by threat-level EMPs. In this situation, the system would be destroyed, or any other nonlinear effect would occur in the system. After that, the problem is to determine the quantities of the injected current, and a few kinds of norms are introduced in this paper to define the quantities. The method proposed here innovatively takes the experimental results of CWI as reference inputs of PCI tests. In this paper, the accuracy of the response prediction is validated by means of simulations and experiments. Results show that as a low-level test method in the frequency domain, the CWI test method can not only analyze couplings of external electromagnetic energy from frequency domain but also predict responses of the facilities under high amplitude electromagnetic pulses. The nonlinear effect of large-scale facilities can be assessed by applying the PCI test method with the results from CWI prediction. Therefore, if infrastructures or facilities are too large to be tested under EMP simulators, an alternative approach is to carry out the CWI and PCI experiments.

/pdf/low-cost-and-sustainable-test-methods-to-study-1rm5xbdm.pdf

Low Cost and Sustainable Test Methods to Study Vulnerabilities of Large-Scale Systems against EMP

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Near-ultraviolet and blue light excited Sm3+ doped Lu2MoO6 phosphor for potential solid state lighting and temperature sensing

Near-infrared downconversion luminescence of SrMoO4:Tm3+,Yb3+ phosphors

Low Cost and Sustainable Test Methods to Study Vulnerabilities of Large-Scale Systems against EMP