Embryonic Development and Changes of Endogenous Hormones in Interspecific Hybrids between Peanut (A. hypogaea L.) and Wild Arachis Species

Oligo probe staining is a low-cost and efficient chromosome identification technique. In this study, oligo genomic in situ hybridization (Oligo-GISH) technology was established in peanut. Peanut A and B subgenome-specific interspersed repeat (IR) oligo probe sets were developed based on clustering and electronic localization of tandem repeat sequences in the reference genome of Tifrunner. The Oligo-GISH kit was then used to perform staining of 15 Arachis species. The A-subgenome probe set stained the chromosomes of A- and E-genome Arachis species, the B-subgenome probe set stained those of B-, F-, K-, and E-genome species, and neither set stained those of H-genome species. These results indicate the relationships among the genomes of these Arachis species. The Oligo-GISH kit was also used for batch staining of the chromosomes of 389 seedlings from the irradiated M 1 generation, allowing 67 translocation and deletion lines to be identified. Subsequent Oligo-FISH karyotyping, FISH using single-copy probe libraries, and trait investigation identified seven homozygous chromosomal variants from the M 3 generation and suggested that there may be genes on chromosome 4B controlling seed number per pod. These findings demonstrate that the IR probe sets and method developed in this study can facilitate research on distant hybridization and genetic improvement in peanut. 

Development of Oligo-GISH kits for efficient detection of chromosomal variants in peanut

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a globally important oil crop. Web blotch, which is one of the most important foliar diseases affecting peanut, is responsible for serious yield losses worldwide. Breeding web blotch-resistant peanut varieties is considered to be the most effective and economically viable method for minimizing yield losses due to web blotch. In the current study, a bulked segregant analysis with next-generation sequencing was used to analyze an F2:3 segregating population and identify candidate loci related to web blotch resistance. On the basis of the fine-mapping of the candidate genomic interval using Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) markers, we identified a novel web blotch resistance-related locus spanning approximately 169 kb on chromosome 16. This region included four annotated genes, of which only Arahy.35VVQ3 had a non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism in the coding region between the two parents. Two markers (Chr.16.12872635 and Chr16.12966357) linked to this gene were demonstrated to be co-segregated with the resistance of peanut web blotch proved by 72 randomly selected RIL recombinant lines, which could be used in marker-assisted breeding resistant peanut varieties. 

Fine-mapping of a candidate gene for web blotch resistance in Arachis hypogaea L.

Development and characterization of new allohexaploid resistant to web blotch in peanut

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Development and characterization of new allohexaploid resistant to web blotch in peanut