Animal-based traditional medicine not only plays a significant role in therapeutic practices worldwide but also provides a potential compound library for drug discovery. However, persistent hunting and illegal trade markedly threaten numerous medicinal animal species, and increasing demand further provokes the emergence of various adulterants. As the conventional methods are difficult and time-consuming to detect processed products or identify animal species with similar morphology, developing novel authentication methods for animal-based traditional medicine represents an urgent need. During the last decade, DNA barcoding offers an accurate and efficient strategy that can identify existing species and discover unknown species via analysis of sequence variation in a standardized region of DNA. Recent studies have shown that DNA barcoding as well as minibarcoding and metabarcoding is capable of identifying animal species and discriminating the authentics from the adulterants in various types of traditional medicines, including raw materials, processed products, and complex preparations. These techniques can also be used to detect the unlabelled and threatened animal species in traditional medicine. Here, we review the recent progress of DNA barcoding for the identification and authentication of animal species used in traditional medicine, which provides a reference for quality control and trade supervision of animal-based traditional medicine.

/pdf/dna-barcoding-for-the-identification-and-authentication-of-s8r3ivu2cw.pdf

DNA Barcoding for the Identification and Authentication of Animal Species in Traditional Medicine.

Objective(s): Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most lethal forms of human cancer and temozolomide (TMZ) is currently part of the standard treatment for this disease. Combination therapy using natural substances can enhance the anti-cancer activity of TMZ. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of TMZ in combination with thymoquinone (TQ) on human GBM cell line (U87MG). Materials and Methods: The cell line was treated with TMZ and/or TQ. Cell viability was assessed using trypan blue and MTT assay. The effect of TMZ and/or TQ on colony-forming ability of the cells was investigated. Apoptosis and autophagy were quantified by fluorescent dye staining. The expression level of two autophagy related genes (ATG) were assessed using RT-PCR. Furthermore, nitric oxide (NO) production was detected by Griess reaction. Results: After treatment with TMZ and/or TQ, the cell viability was reduced in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and the cell survival fraction (SF) was significantly decreased (P=0.000). Apoptosis index of U87MG cells was also significantly increased (P=0.000). Autophagy was significantly increased by TMZ (P=0.000) and decreased by TQ (P=0.018). Also TMZ and/or TQ significantly decreased NO production by U87MG cell (P=0.000). Conclusion: TQ enhanced the anti-cancer activity of TMZ by inhibition of autophagy at the transcriptional level and decreased the colony-forming ability and NO production of U87MG cell line.

https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_7472_5e1a4ecb241c797f441ac4f113e01657.pdf

Thymoquinone synergistically potentiates temozolomide cytotoxicity through the inhibition of autophagy in U87MG cell line

The science of resveratrol, formulation, pharmacokinetic barriers and its chemotherapeutic potential.

Several central nervous system (CNS) drugs exhibit potent anti-cancer activities. This study aimed to design a novel model of combination that combines different CNS agents and antineoplastic drugs (5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and paclitaxel (PTX)) for colorectal and breast cancer therapy, respectively. Cytotoxic effects of 5-FU and PTX alone and in combination with different CNS agents were evaluated on HT-29 colon and MCF-7 breast cancer cells, respectively. Three antimalarials alone and in combination with 5-FU were also evaluated in HT-29 cells. Different schedules and concentrations in a fixed ratio were added to the cultured cells and incubated for 48 h. Cell viability was evaluated using MTT and SRB assays. Synergism was evaluated using the Chou-Talalay, Bliss Independence and HSA methods. Our results demonstrate that fluphenazine, fluoxetine and benztropine have enhanced anticancer activity when used alone as compared to being used in combination, making them ideal candidates for drug repurposing in colorectal cancer (CRC). Regarding MCF-7 cells, sertraline was the most promising candidate alone for drug repurposing, with the lowest IC50 value. For HT-29 cells, the CNS drugs sertraline and thioridazine in simultaneous combination with 5-FU demonstrated the strongest synergism among all combinations. In MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the combination of fluoxetine, fluphenazine and benztropine with PTX resulted in synergism for all concentrations below IC50. We also found that the antimalarial artesunate administration prior to 5-FU produces better results in reducing HT-29 cell viability than the inverse drug schedule or the simultaneous combination. These results demonstrate that CNS drugs activity differs between the two selected cell lines, both alone and in combination, and support that some CNS agents may be promising candidates for drug repurposing in these types of cancers. Additionally, these results demonstrate that 5-FU or a combination of PTX with CNS drugs should be further evaluated. These results also demonstrate that antimalarial drugs may also be used as antitumor agents in colorectal cancer, besides breast cancer.

Synergistic Growth Inhibition of HT-29 Colon and MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells with Simultaneous and Sequential Combinations of Antineoplastics and CNS Drugs.

Effects and mechanisms of dietary bioactive compounds on breast cancer prevention.

beling method. Nitric oxide (NO) level was assessed using the Griess method. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance, and p< 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Cell viability decreased depending on dose and time, and was significantly different in the groups that were treated with 400, 800, and 1,000 µg/mL doses compared to that in the control group (p< 0.001). Increasing the dose significantly increased apoptosis ( p< 0.001). NO secretion from MCF7 cells significantly decreased in response to different concentrations of the extract in a dose- and time-dependent manner (p< 0.050). Conclusion: The crab shell extract inhibited the proliferation of MCF7 cells by increasing apoptosis and decreasing NO production.

/pdf/antiproliferatory-effects-of-crab-shell-extract-on-breast-gg062ogdah.pdf

Antiproliferatory Effects of Crab Shell Extract on Breast Cancer Cell Line (MCF7).

Apoptosis induction in human breast cancer cell lines by synergic effect of raloxifene and resveratrol through increasing proapoptotic genes.

Angiogenesis plays an important role in the tissue repair, rheumatoid arthritis, retinopathies, and growth and metastasis of cancer. Endothelial cell proliferation has been introduced as a model of angiogenesis. Crab sell was suggested for cancer treatment in traditional medicine. The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro effect of crab shell hydroethanolic extract on the human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation. Crab sell extract was prepared and the effect of its various concentrations (0, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1000 μg/ml) on HUVECs were surveyed in three periods of 24, 48 and 72 h. HUVEC viability, Nitric oxide (NO) secretion and apoptosis were assessed by MTT, Griess and Tunnel methods, respectively. Data were compared by one-way ANOVA. In this study we found HUVECs viability was reduced in dose and time depended manner significantly and HUVECs NO production decreased significantly, too. Apoptosis index was increased significantly. These findings reveal that high concentrations of crab shell extract have anti-proliferative effects on HUVECs and can be used for cancer treatment.

In vitro inhibitory effect of crab shell extract on human umbilical vein endothelial cell

Citation: Ghanbari A, Noormohamadi T, Mirzapur P, Khazaei MR (2019) Race and Menarche: A Study on Racial Subgroups Living in the West of Iran. Reprod Med Int 2:011. doi.org/10.23937/26434555/1710011 Accepted: May 23, 2019; Published: May 25, 2019 Copyright: © 2019 Ghanbari A, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Open Access ISSN: 2643-4555

/pdf/race-and-menarche-a-study-on-racial-subgroups-living-in-the-1pr58o1bho.pdf

Race and Menarche: A Study on Racial Subgroups Living in the West of Iran

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Antiproliferatory Effects of Crab Shell Extract on Breast Cancer Cell Line (MCF7).

Apoptosis induction in human breast cancer cell lines by synergic effect of raloxifene and resveratrol through increasing proapoptotic genes.

In vitro inhibitory effect of crab shell extract on human umbilical vein endothelial cell

Race and Menarche: A Study on Racial Subgroups Living in the West of Iran