The Levels of Conceptual Interoperability Model (LCIM) was developed to cope with the different layers of interoperation of modeling & simulation applications. It introduced technical, syntactic, semantic, pragmatic, dynamic, and conceptual layers of interoperation and showed how they are related to the ideas of integratability, interoperability, and composability. The model was successfully applied in various domains of systems, cybernetics, and informatics.

/pdf/applying-the-levels-of-conceptual-interoperability-model-in-ghvkk6wswh.pdf

Applying the Levels of Conceptual Interoperability Model in Support of Integratability, Interoperability, and Composability for System-of-Systems Engineering

We propose a scheme to support the composition of OSGi services as result of orchestrating atomic services at run-time. With this proposal the OSGi potentiality increases because of the huge amount of new services that can be offered as a result of appropriate combinations. To specify the service composition we propose a totally transparent BPEL-style solution which does not break the OSGi standard. However, the syntactic matchmaking provided by the OSGi standard does not enable a flexible enough automatic service composition. Thus, we propose to define a semantic OSGi platform, which combined with the BPEL-style solution fits all the OSGi service composition requirements.

Enhancing Residential Gateways: OSGi Services Composition

Smart homes integrated with sensors, actuators, wireless networks and context-aware middleware soon becomes part of our daily life. This paper describes a context-aware middleware providing an automatic home service based on a user's preference inside a smart home. The context-aware middleware includes an appliance controller, a context-aware agent and a scalable browser. The appliance controller takes charge of communication between appliances in the context-aware middleware. The context-aware middleware use OSGi (open service gateway initial) as the framework of the home network. The scalable browser recognizes the properties of all the rendering device, and it figures out their screen size. We use UlML (user interface markup language) as multiple rendering device. The context-aware agent utilizes 6 basic data values for learning and predicting the user's preference for the home appliances: the pulse, the body temperature, the facial expression, the room temperature, the time, and the location. The six data sets construct the context model and are used by the context manager module. The user profile manager maintains the history information for home appliances chosen by the user. The user-pattern learning and predicting module is based on a neural network, which predicts the proper home service for the user. The test results show that the pattern of an individual's preference can be effectively evaluated.

Research and implementation of the context-aware middleware for controlling home appliances

https://www.infosys.tuwien.ac.at/Staff/sd/papers/HomesServices.pdf

Are our homes ready for services? A domotic infrastructure based on the Web service stack

This special section editorial defines home automation and investigates the various approaches to home automation which can be used to facilitate independent living. The paper concludes by introducing the three technical papers that are part of the special section.

Editorial Home Automation as a Means of Independent Living

We present an overview of the Open Services Gateway Initiative (OSGi/spl trade/) technology and its associated mechanisms for accessing devices. A technical description of work currently underway to map various industry device and service discovery protocols to OSGi is presented, followed by an illustrative usage case for a home networking environment. Finally, the authors describe the benefits OSGi discovery technology offers in home networking and discuss potential future work in this area.

Device and service discovery in home networks with OSGi

Smart applications behave intelligently because they understand at least partially the context where they operate. To do this, they need not only a formal domain model but also formal descriptions of the data they process and their own operational behaviour. Interoperability of smart applications is based on formalised definitions of all their data and processes. This paper studies the semantic interoperability of data in the case of eLearning and describes an experiment and its assessment. New content is imported into a knowledge-based learning environment without real updates of the original domain model, which is encoded as a knowledge base of conceptual graphs. A component called mediator enables the import by assigning dummy metadata annotations for the imported items. However, some functionality of the original system is lost, when processing the imported content, due to the lack of proper metadata annotation which cannot be associated fully automatically. So the paper presents an interoperability scenario when appropriate content items are viewed from the perspective of the original world and can be (partially) reused there.

From Conceptual Structures to Semantic Interoperability of Content

This article summarizes the authors' two years experience in implementing CGWorld - a web based workbench for joint distributed development of a knowledge base of conceptual graphs, which resides on a central server. The paper discusses the new component-based architecture of the workbench. The major development during the last year was the integration of operations on Conceptual Graphs. The support of the CGIF (3) format was further improved and some new features were added.

/pdf/cgworld-2001-new-features-and-new-directions-53aeidtjyh.pdf

CGWorld-2001 - New Features and New Directions

Extraction of formal knowledge speci cations from Natural Language (NL) text is a challenging research area. Currently the task is considered feasible for restricted NL input only. A number of CG researchers approached the problem, applying Sowa's algorithm for analysis of NL input by joins of canonical graphs. This paper summarizes the state of the art and describes the CGExtract prototype, which approaches the subject by integration of Parasite, an already existing component for NL analysis and Understanding (NLU). This powerful NLU machine produces a logical form and a model for each syntactically correct sentence and processes coreferences in extended discourse of several sentences. Given an initial type hierarchy and relevant lexicon information, CGExtract constructs new KB graphs corresponding to the input text and checks whether a new graph is in contradiction with the already existing KB graphs and/or yields loop de nitions. The novelty of our approach is that it focuses on semantic KB consistency rather than on NL analysis. The CGWorld workbench [4] supports the user interface of CGExtract.

CGExtract: Towards Extraction of Conceptual Graphs from Controlled English

This article presents CGWorld – a Web based workbench for joint distributed development of a knowledge base of conceptual graphs, which resides on a central server. It is implemented in Java and Prolog. The workbench includes a graphical, easy to use CG Editor written as a Java Applet. CGWorld has facilities for translating CGs between four different formats Display form, Internal Prolog Representation, First Order Predicate Calculus, and CGIF,and textual and graphical browsing features for easy search on KBs of conceptual graphs. Also, using the Application Server technology, Internet access is added to previously developed CG applications. Using the standard Internet client the browser, it is possible to add new features allowed by the new presentation layer.

CGWorld - A Web Based Workbench for Conceptual Graphs Management and Applications

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