Conceptualizing smartness in government: An integrative and multi-dimensional view

On October 10, 2001, the Eleventh Circuit handed down a decision, SunTrust v. Houghton Mifflin, that involved an unauthorized sequel to the classic novel Gone with the Wind where parties debated whether the taking was a fair use protected under Section 107 of the Copyright Act. However nuanced the fair use doctrine may appear, judges were confined to choosing between two fundamentally unattractive options -- injunction and free use. 

From an economic perspective, this paper argues that the present process for assigning fair use and preliminary injunction for transformative uses is not economically efficient. First, transformative works present an existing product with a new expression and meaning and serve entirely different audiences who would not traffic in the basic products of the primary market. Second, present jurisprudence is uncertain and daunting to the innovating artist who may shy away from producing transformative works. Third, the suppression of transformative product that results from injunctions has no countervailing gain in primary markets, as it is unlikely that any primary work would go unpublished if injunctions were discontinued.

Art as Innovation

The shift towards a knowledge-based economy seems to favour some well-endowed urban areas. However, not all cities benefit equally. This paper discusses the shift towards a knowledge-based economy ...

European Cities in the Knowledge Economy: Towards a Typology

The role of universities in the knowledge management of smart city projects

https://isiarticles.com/bundles/Article/pre/pdf/1368.pdf

Benchmarking knowledge-based urban development performance: Results from the international comparison of Helsinki

Across Western Europe, the emphasis has shifted from physical manufacturing to the development of ideas, new products and creative processes. This has become known as the knowledge economy. While much has been written about this concept, so far there has been little focus on the role of the city. Bringing together comparative case studies from Amsterdam, Dortmund, Eindhoven, Helsinki, Manchester, Munich, Munster, Rotterdam and Zaragoza, this volume examines the cities' roles, as well as how the knowledge economy affects urban management and policies. In doing so, it demonstrates that the knowledge economy is a trend that affects every city, but in different ways depending on the specific local situation. It describes a number of policy options that can be applied to improve cities' positions in this new environment.

European Cities in the Knowledge Economy : The Cases of Amsterdam, Dortmund, Eindhoven, Helsinki, Manchester, Munich, Munster, Rotterdam and Zaragoza

For many reasons, cities and regions in Europe play an increasingly active role in providing and/or promoting broadband access to the Internet. This article describes and analyses local policy interventions in the broadband infrastructure market and presents a typology of four different kinds of policy. For each policy type, the cities' objectives and rationale for intervening in the broadband market are described. Subsequently, a critical analysis is made of the alleged benefits of broadband policies and the associated risks and costs are discussed.

Urban Broadband Internet Policies in Europe: A Critical Review

In this paper, urban broadband policies are critically reviewed. Cities and regions in Europe play an increasingly active role in the provision of broadband electronic infrastructure. Some cities are concerned that weaker groups will have little chances to get broadband access, and should be helped. Others take a more offensive stance, and promote broadband access to strengthen the local image, attract innovative companies and/or highly-skilled people. Peripheral cities take action to tackle spatial discrimination by telecom companies. There is now a scientific and political debate as to whether, and to what extent, governments should intervene in broadband markets. Several studies have pointed at the many pitfalls and negative side effects of broadband policies; others are more moderate, or even argue that governments should intervene to prevent a broadband divide. Much of this literature addresses national policies. In this article, we focus on the local level, as local policymakers seem to become more active. In this paper, we present a typology of local/regional broadband policies, based on a number of examples from European cities. We discuss the pro's and cons of various types of intervention, confront the case studies with the arguments listed in the literature, and critically evaluate the policies. Among other things, we conclude that policies are too easiliy justified with "loose" arguments of economic and social benefits, and that too often, policymakers fail to take a technology and supplier neutral approach, which may have perverse impacts in the long run.

The Case of Barcelona

This paper is based on an EU-funded research project called “MUTEIS” (Macroeconomic and Urban Trends in Europe’s Information Society) – a research project designed to get a better understanding of the different patterns of growth of urban regions and their ICT clusters across Europe. Over the 1990’s Europe as a whole seems to have been slow in its transition towards the new, digital economy. The smaller European economies of Finland, Ireland, Sweden and The Netherlands, however, witnessed a rapid uptake in ICT investments and in computer- and internet use over the second half of the 1990’s, accompanied by a remarkable growth and employment performance over those same years. This paper reveals how those countries have been better equipped to exploit some of the new digital growth opportunities, adapted existing “old” economic activities to the new e-business environment, and learnt more from the new opportunities to exploit those advantages across the European Union. Furthermore, the national policy makers appeared to be more aware of the increasingly limited degrees of freedom of their national policy actions, liberalising more rapidly their national telecommunications monopolies.

http://www-sre.wu-wien.ac.at/ersa/ersaconfs/ersa03/cdrom/papers/73.pdf

ICT clusters in European cities during the 1990s: development patterns and policy Lessons

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Papers

European Cities in the Knowledge Economy : The Cases of Amsterdam, Dortmund, Eindhoven, Helsinki, Manchester, Munich, Munster, Rotterdam and Zaragoza

Urban Broadband Internet Policies in Europe: A Critical Review

Urban Broadband Internet Policies in Europe: A Critical Review

The Case of Barcelona

ICT clusters in European cities during the 1990s: development patterns and policy Lessons