Data Mining Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques

I have developed "tennis elbow" from lugging this book around the past four weeks, but it is worth the pain, the effort, and the aspirin. It is also worth the (relatively speaking) bargain price. Including appendixes, this book contains 894 pages of text. The entire panorama of the neural sciences is surveyed and examined, and it is comprehensive in its scope, from genomes to social behaviors. The editors explicitly state that the book is designed as "an introductory text for students of biology, behavior, and medicine," but it is hard to imagine any audience, interested in any fragment of neuroscience at any level of sophistication, that would not enjoy this book. The editors have done a masterful job of weaving together the biologic, the behavioral, and the clinical sciences into a single tapestry in which everyone from the molecular biologist to the practicing psychiatrist can find and appreciate his or

Principles of Neural Science

The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) is an independent organization devoted to the development of standards.

American Society for Testing and Materials

The validity of the cubic law for laminar flow of fluids through open fractures consisting of parallel planar plates has been established by others over a wide range of conditions with apertures ranging down to a minimum of 0.2 µm. The law may be given in simplified form by Q/Δh = C(2b)3, where Q is the flow rate, Δh is the difference in hydraulic head, C is a constant that depends on the flow geometry and fluid properties, and 2b is the fracture aperture. The validity of this law for flow in a closed fracture where the surfaces are in contact and the aperture is being decreased under stress has been investigated at room temperature by using homogeneous samples of granite, basalt, and marble. Tension fractures were artificially induced, and the laboratory setup used radial as well as straight flow geometries. Apertures ranged from 250 down to 4µm, which was the minimum size that could be attained under a normal stress of 20 MPa. The cubic law was found to be valid whether the fracture surfaces were held open or were being closed under stress, and the results are not dependent on rock type. Permeability was uniquely defined by fracture aperture and was independent of the stress history used in these investigations. The effects of deviations from the ideal parallel plate concept only cause an apparent reduction in flow and may be incorporated into the cubic law by replacing C by C/ƒ. The factor ƒ varied from 1.04 to 1.65 in these investigations. The model of a fracture that is being closed under normal stress is visualized as being controlled by the strength of the asperities that are in contact. These contact areas are able to withstand significant stresses while maintaining space for fluids to continue to flow as the fracture aperture decreases. The controlling factor is the magnitude of the aperture, and since flow depends on (2b)3, a slight change in aperture evidently can easily dominate any other change in the geometry of the flow field. Thus one does not see any noticeable shift in the correlations of our experimental results in passing from a condition where the fracture surfaces were held open to one where the surfaces were being closed under stress.

/pdf/validity-of-cubic-law-for-fluid-flow-in-a-deformable-rock-2ynq4id3hq.pdf

VALIDITY OF CUBIC LAW FOR FLUID FLOW IN A DEFORMABLE ROCK FRACTURE - eScholarship

Probability, Reliability and Statistical Methods in Engineering Design

https://repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt/bitstream/1822/20778/1/2079-2087%20SAHC2012_444.pdf

Assessment of strength and stiffness variation within old timber beams

Past earthquakes have highlighted the vulnerability of masonry infills in the out-of-plane direction. To investigate this vulnerability, it is necessary to test some samples of infills in the out-of-plane direction taking into consideration that the main problem in the simulation of the out-of-plane response is their test setup and calculation of out-of-plane force applied to the infills. One can suggest that multiplying the pressure inside the airbag times its effective area (area of the airbag in full contact with infill) can lead to calculation of the out-of-plane force; but in this paper, it is concluded that the distance between the reaction wall keeping the airbag and the infill affects the effective area of the airbag. When the distance between the reaction walls and the masonry infill wall is smaller, the effective area is closer to the nominal area of the airbag. The effective contact area of the airbag is calculated by dividing the load measured in load cells by the pressure inside the airbag. Based on this result, it is also recommended to use load cells in the test setup to measure the out-of-plane force instead of its calculation by the pressure inside the airbag. After the installation of the out-of-plane test setup, one specimen representing the contemporary construction typology in North of Portugal was tested. In order to investigate its out-of-plane behavior, quasi-static testing was performed on a masonry infill built inside a reinforced concrete frame by means of an airbag system to apply the uniform out-of-plane load to each component of the infill. The main advantage of this testing setup is that the out-of-plane loading can be applied more uniformly in the walls, contrarily to point load configuration. The test was performed under displacement control by selecting the mid-point of the infill as control point. Input and output air in the airbag was controlled by using a software to apply a specific displacement in the control point of the infill wall. Four load cells were attached to the reaction frame to measure the out-of-plane force. Deformation and crack pattern of the infill confirm the formation of arching mechanism and two-way bending of the masonry infill. Until collapse of the horizontal interface between infill and upper beam in RC frame, the infill bends in two directions. However, the failure of that interface that is known as weakest interface due to difficulties in filling the mortar between bricks of last row and upper beam results in the crack opening trough a well-defined path and the consequent collapse of the infill. It is also investigated that the collapse of the infill was happened suddenly unlike the specimens tested by [1]. This is related to the presence of higher axial force on top of the columns in [1] that resulted in formation of a two-way arching mechanism supported on four sides. Besides, it seems that the presence of higher axial force on top of the columns can compensate the defects of upper interface.

/pdf/out-of-plane-behavior-of-masonry-infill-walls-538qpgivag.pdf

Out-of-plane behavior of masonry infill walls

The aim of this work is to critically assess a stress-strain model using experimental masonry prisms constructed from different blocks and mortar. The following conclusion may be drawn from this work: mortar is mostly responsible for the non-linear behavior of masonry. The initial tangent modulus, obtained taking into account the compressive strength, provides a strongly non-linear relationship between elasticity modulus and compressive strength.

/pdf/stress-strain-behavior-of-concrete-block-masonry-prisms-4pb2y3jcjx.pdf

Stress-strain behavior of concrete block masonry prisms under compression

Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia
(FCT) - POCTI-ECM-38071-2001, “Strengthening of masonry arches with composite materials”.
European Commission - GROW-1999-70420
“Industrialized Solutions for Construction of Masonry Shell Roofs”.

https://repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt/bitstream/1822/3055/1/2004_Lourenco_Palacio.pdf

Design recommendations for reinforced masonry arches

Comunicacao apresentada no Encontro sobre a Madeira e suas Aplicacoes Nobres : "Bem utilizar a madeira", Lisboa, Portugal, 22 Novembro 2005.

/pdf/possibilidades-e-aplicacoes-de-ensaios-nao-destrutivos-2qaxfnli2z.pdf

Possibilidades e aplicações de ensaios não destrutivos

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