Natural history of sickle cell disease—The first ten years

Cross-sectional data from interviews of a sample of the Swedish population aged 16 to 74 years in 1980-81 were used to obtain information on the relation between father's socioeconomic status during the childhood of the participants and the adult body height of the latter. A difference in height between members of higher and lower socioeconomic groups was found. The difference diminished over falling age but was still noticeable among men born in the early and mid 1950s. The mean difference in height between sons of senior salaried employees and sons of unskilled workers was 2.9 cm. The difference was less for women.

https://jech.bmj.com/content/jech/41/4/333.full.pdf

Adult body height and childhood socioeconomic group in the Swedish population.

In the 1920s and 1930s, the pediatrician Clara Davis conducted pioneering studies, now considered classic, and published at least 12 papers on the selection of diets by infants and young children.1 2 3 4 The results of her research have been widely interpreted by health professionals to mean that given a wide variety of choices, children will instinctively select and consume a well-balanced diet. Such a broad conclusion was not drawn by Davis, nor can it be concluded from her research or from any other investigation. Yet, this supposition is frequently stated as fact in medical textbooks5 6 7 8 and echoed by clinicians. The misinterpretation . . .

Do Young Children Instinctively Know What to Eat

Efficacy of benzathine penicillin G in group A streptococcal pharyngitis: Reevaluation+++

In 1840 Edwin Chadwick noted that life expectancy for the elite was more than twice that of the working class in many industrial areas.' Gentry and professionals had a life expectancy of 49 years, tradesmen 38 yearsand labourers 21 years in the Borough of Derby.' The circumstances which gave rise to these mortality differences were thought to be directly related to the crowding together in towns of the previously rural labourer population; a population which had moved to the towns to find work in the new industries. Place and circumstances have an effect on health as was known to the ancient^.^ What is not as well known is that these mortality and morbidity differences have persisted into modern times and are still evident in Western industrialized nations. The Black Report summarized studies of morbidity and mortality across social groups in Britaim4 Even after more than thirty years of the National Health Service, class differences in these measures were still evident. The gap showed no sign of closing. In Australia, McMichael noted the differences in mortality by occupational group,5 and Siskind et a/. described different perinatal mortality rates according to area of residence.6 In 1986 Australia had the highest rate of child poverty of any Western country, except the United States? In 1988, the Australian Institute of Family Studies, the Australian Council of Social Services, the Brotherhood of St Laurence and the Social Policy Research Centre, University of NSW sponsored a national conference on child poverty in Australia. At this conference Hicks, Moss and Turner presented their review of the British, North American and available Australian literature which investigated the links between poverty and ill-health in children.' Their

The impact of poverty and disadvantage on child health.

The effect of poverty on nutrition of preschool children was evaluated in 300 children randomly selected from 2,427 black children of poverty families living in south Memphis. Half of the children were found to be below the 25th percentile for height and weight on anthropometric charts. Anemia was common; 28% of the children less than 3 years of age had hemoglobin levels below 10 gm/100 ml, and 25% of the children older than 3 years had levels below 11 gm/100 ml. The extremely low family incomes and information gained by home visits indicated that lack of food was the main cause of growth retardation and anemia.

Nutrition and Poverty in Preschool Children: A Nutritional Survey of Preschool Children From Impoverished Black Families, Memphis

The nutritional status of preschool children from 1,219 families living in an urban poverty area was surveyed in 1983 and these results were compared with findings from a similar survey of the same community done in 1977. A second comparison was made of children whose families participated in a commodity supplementary food program and those whose families did not participate. Results of the 1983 survey indicated improvements in median serum levels of vitamins A and C, hemoglobin, and red blood cell volume. Nevertheless, 9% to 18% of the children had low or deficient levels of vitamins A, C, B 1 , and B 2 , hemoglobin, serum iron, and transferrin saturation. Also a greater number of the preschoolers were categorized as thin. Annual incomes for families had significantly decreased from 1977 when the median value for food recipients was $3,078 to a median of $1,848 in 1983. Considering the decrease in other resources, federal food assistance programs seem to be the only identifiable factor contributing to the improvement in nutritional status over 1977. ( JAMA 1985;253:3269-3272)

https://jamanetwork.com/HttpHandlers/ArticlePdfHandler.ashx?journal=jama&articleId=398913&pdfFileName=jama_253_22_023.pdf

Nutritional improvement of poor urban preschool children. A 1983-1977 comparison.

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Nutrition and Poverty in Preschool Children: A Nutritional Survey of Preschool Children From Impoverished Black Families, Memphis

Nutritional improvement of poor urban preschool children. A 1983-1977 comparison.