This research study set out to explore service-users’ understanding about what they required in terms of cultural care from nurses. Situated within an interpretive paradigm, the choices made within the methodology were influenced by the writings of Hans-Georg Gadamer around dialogue and understanding. This approach facilitated a newer understanding to explore existing nursing knowledge around culturally appropriate care for a multicultural and diverse society.
Having gained the appropriate ethical approval, participants were recruited from the five main ethnic groups that represented the population of Greater Manchester: White Majority, White Minority, South Asian, African-Caribbean and Chinese/Oriental. Twenty-one participants were interviewed, using a semi-structured approach.
Utilising Attride-Stirling’s (2001) Thematic Network analysis, all the transcriptions were analysed to develop Basic, Organising and Global Themes, to systematise the findings and discuss the rich data that emerged.
Unexpectedly, during the interviews participants from the Majority population and the Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic participants expressed similar needs from culturally appropriate nursing care. Specifically, what service users needed from culturally appropriate care was linked to issues around how nurses communicated inter-culturally and the influence of intersectional processes, rather than addressing different, culturally specific needs. The participants stressed the need for nurses to utilise an individualised and non-ethnocentric manner as part of their intercultural communication and congruent interpersonal skills. In order to fulfil this in a fair and compassionate way, nurses would need to develop an openness and genuine desire to engage service users in intercultural communication, and be ready to listen, enable and be curious to learn about their story.

Culturally appropriate care: a qualitative exploration of service-users’ perspectives of nursing care

The relationship between British policy approaches to multiculturalism and ‘White’ identity has been a complex and under-discussed one. Too often, ‘White’ identity in Britain has been portrayed as a homogenous norm needing no theorisation or exploration, yet at the same time media and political discourses around the racialised fears and concerns of White people, especially the ‘White working class’, have been influential on shifts in the content and priorities of state approaches to ‘race relations’. This can be seen most clearly in the post-2001 shift towards cohesion and integration, a re-naming and re-balancing of multiculturalism to reflect White concerns, yet post-2001 policy enactment around cohesion/integration and ‘Prevent’ continues to ignore engagement with the identifications and concerns of many White communities. This paper explores this relationship between ‘White’ identity and British multiculturalism, arguing that the inexorable growth of ‘Englishness’, possibly to be hastened by a Scottish Independence vote in 2014, makes it all the more urgent that multiculturalist policy and practice engages directly with White English identifications and perceptions.

The Silent Majority? White People, Multiculturalism and the challenge of ‘Englishness’

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The Silent Majority? White People, Multiculturalism and the challenge of ‘Englishness’