Global warming and climate change concerns have triggered global efforts to reduce the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) is considered a crucial strategy for meeting CO2 emission reduction targets. In this paper, various aspects of CCS are reviewed and discussed including the state of the art technologies for CO2 capture, separation, transport, storage, leakage, monitoring, and life cycle analysis. The selection of specific CO2 capture technology heavily depends on the type of CO2 generating plant and fuel used. Among those CO2 separation processes, absorption is the most mature and commonly adopted due to its higher efficiency and lower cost. Pipeline is considered to be the most viable solution for large volume of CO2 transport. Among those geological formations for CO2 storage, enhanced oil recovery is mature and has been practiced for many years but its economical viability for anthropogenic sources needs to be demonstrated. There are growing interests in CO2 storage in saline aquifers due to their enormous potential storage capacity and several projects are in the pipeline for demonstration of its viability. There are multiple hurdles to CCS deployment including the absence of a clear business case for CCS investment and the absence of robust economic incentives to support the additional high capital and operating costs of the whole CCS process.

https://www.elsevier.com/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/96980/Current-status-carbon-capture.pdf

An overview of current status of carbon dioxide capture and storage technologies

This Perspective highlights recent efforts and opportunities in the heterogeneous electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide to help address the global issues of climate change and sustainable energy production. Recent research has shown that the electrochemical reduction of CO2 can produce a variety of organic compounds such as formic acid, carbon monoxide, methane, and ethylene with high current efficiency. These products can be used as feedstocks for chemical synthesis or converted into hydrocarbon fuels. This process is of interest (i) for the recycling of CO2 as an energy carrier, thereby reducing its accumulation in the atmosphere, (ii) for the production of renewable hydrocarbon fuels from CO2, water, and renewable electricity for use as transportation fuels, and (iii) as a convenient means of storing electrical energy in chemical form to level the electrical output from intermittent energy sources such as wind and solar. Accomplishments to date in this field of study have been encouraging, yet s...

Prospects of CO2 Utilization via Direct Heterogeneous Electrochemical Reduction

Carbon capture and storage using alkaline industrial wastes.

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) community has been struggling over the past few decades to demonstrate the economic feasibility of CO2 sequestration Nevertheless, in practice, it has only proven feasible under conditions with a market for the recovered CO2, such as in the beverage industry or enhanced oil/gas recovery The research community and industry are progressively converging to a conclusion that CO2 sequestration has severe limitations for the value proposition Alternatively, creating diverse demand markets and revenue streams for the recovered almost-pure CO2 may prevail over CO2 sequestration option and improve the economic feasibility of this climate change mitigation approach As such, research in the carbon capture and management field is seen to be shifting towards CO2 utilization, directly and indirectly, in energy and chemical industries In this paper, we have critically reviewed the literature on carbon capture, conversion, and utilization routes and assessed the progress in the research and developments in this direction Both physical and chemical CO2 utilization pathways are studied and the principles of key routes are identified The literature is also probed in addressing the process integration scenarios and the performance assessment benchmarks

Trends in CO2 conversion and utilization: A review from process systems perspective

We investigate the influence of electrolyte composition on the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to CO in an electrochemical flow reactor. Specifically, we study the effect of alkali cations on the partial current densities of the two products: CO and H2 .W e report that the presence of large cations such as cesium and rubidium in the electrolyte improves the partial current density for CO production. Furthermore, large cations suppress H2 evolution, resulting in high faradaic yields for CO production. For example, with a large cation, specifically CsOH, a partial current density of 72 mA/cm 2 was obtained at a cathode potential of −1.62 V vs Ag/AgCl. In contrast, in the presence of a small cation, specifically sodium, a partial current density of only 49 mA/cm 2 was achieved at a much more negative cathode potential of −2.37 V vs Ag/AgCl, with NaBr. The effect of cation size on product selectivity for CO production can be explained by the interplay between the level of cation hydration and the extent of cation adsorption on Ag electrodes.

Effect of Cations on the Electrochemical Conversion of CO2 to CO

https://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1165&context=smartpapers

CO2 Pipeline Infrastructure – Lessons Learnt

ROTTERDAM CCS NETWORK PROJECT Case study on 'lessons learnt' The methodology and plan of the research

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is seen as an important solution to solve the twin challenge of reducing GHG emissions, while utilizing fossil fuel reserves to meet future energy requirements. In this study an innovation systems perspective is applied to review the development of CCS technologies in the US between 2000 and 2009 and to come up with policy recommendations for technology managers that wish to accelerate the deployment of CCS. The analysis describes the successful built-up of an innovation system around CCS and pinpoints the key determinants for this achievement. However, the evaluation of the system's performance also indicates that America's leading role in the development of CCS should not be taken for granted. It shows that the large CCS RD (2) facilitates collaboration and coordination in CCS actor networks; (3) creates financial and market incentives for the technology; and (4) provides supportive regulation and sound communication on CCS.

/pdf/evaluating-the-development-of-carbon-capture-and-storage-4r7syszrbh.pdf

Evaluating the development of carbon capture and storage technologies in the United States

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CO2 Pipeline Infrastructure – Lessons Learnt

ROTTERDAM CCS NETWORK PROJECT Case study on 'lessons learnt' The methodology and plan of the research

Evaluating the development of carbon capture and storage technologies in the United States