Populism has become a pervasive concept in political science research. However, a central and basic question remains unanswered: which European parties are more populist than others? Despite the in...

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0010414020938081

Measuring Populism in Political Parties: Appraisal of a New Approach:

The electoral success of the new populist radical right-wing party, VOX, which achieved an unprecedent electoral result in the Spanish general elections of April 2019, brought an end to Spain's exc

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/2474736X.2020.1781543

The Baskerville's dog suddenly started barking: voting for VOX in the 2019 Spanish general elections

Despite the explosion of populism research, there is a shortage of comprehensive analyses of the ideational varieties of populist parties and of the different roles they play in contemporary party systems. In order to overcome such limitations, I provide a state-of-the-art review of the literature on the classification of populist parties and make three innovative contributions to populism research. First, by adopting a truly pan-European perspective to cover, in addition to EU member countries, contexts that are generally overlooked, including but not limited to Liechtenstein, Russia, Serbia and Ukraine, this review article provides an empirical application of the ideational approach to populism to 66 contemporary parties. Second, it highlights the major shortcomings of common approaches to the study of populist parties in contemporary party systems, which almost invariably treat them as ‘challengers’ or ‘outsiders’. Finally, it pushes the agenda further by providing a classification and empirical overview of the three interactive patterns characterizing the 66 populist parties under analysis: non-integration, negative integration and positive integration.

/pdf/varieties-of-populist-parties-and-party-systems-in-europe-1vgy4jiocx.pdf

Varieties of Populist Parties and Party Systems in Europe: From State-of-the-Art to the Application of a Novel Classification Scheme to 66 Parties in 33 Countries

Spain and Portugal have long been considered exceptions when it comes to the electoral success of radical right-wing parties in Europe This scenario changed for both countries in 2019, with the ex

Explaining the emergence of the radical right in Spain and Portugal : salience, stigma and supply

We synthesize the literature on the recent rise of populism. First, we discuss definitions and present descriptive evidence on recent increase in support for populists. Second, we cover the historical evolution of populist regimes since the late 19th century. Third, we discuss the role of secular economic factors related to cross-border trade and automation. Fourth, we review studies on the role of the 2008{2009 global financial crisis and subsequent austerity, connect them to historical work covering the Great Depression, and discuss likely mechanisms. Fifth, we discuss studies on identity politics, trust, and cultural backlash. Sixth, we discuss economic and cultural consequences of growth in immigration and the recent refugee crisis. We also discuss the gap between perceptions and reality regarding immigration. Seventh, we review studies on the impact of the internet and social media. Eighth, we discuss works on the implications of populism's recent rise. Finally, we outline avenues for further research.

The Political Economy of Populism

The PopuList is a peer-reviewed list of populist, far right, far left and Eurosceptic parties that obtained at least 2% of the vote in at least one national parliamentary election since 1998. The PopuList is supported by the Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research, The Guardian, and the ECPR Standing Group on Extremism and Democracy.

The PopuList: an overview of populist, far right, far left and Eurosceptic parties in Europe

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The PopuList: an overview of populist, far right, far left and Eurosceptic parties in Europe