Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils at Guiyu area of China, affected by recycling of electronic waste using primitive technologies

Little research has been conducted on the occurrence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the marine environment despite being increasingly impacted by these contaminants. This article reviews data on the occurrence of PPCPs in seawater, sediment, and organisms in the marine environment. Data pertaining to 196 pharmaceuticals and 37 personal care products reported from more than 50 marine sites are analyzed while taking sampling strategies and analytical methods into account. Particular attention is focused on the most frequently detected substances at highest concentrations. A snapshot of the most impacted marine sites is provided by comparing the highest concentrations reported for quantified substances. The present review reveals that: (i) PPCPs are widespread in seawater, particularly at sites impacted by anthropogenic activities, and (ii) the most frequently investigated and detected molecules in seawater and sediments are antibiotics, such as erythromycin. Moreover, this review points out other PPCPs of concern, such as ultraviolet filters, and underlines the scarcity of data on those substances despite recent evidence on their occurrence in marine organisms. The exposure of marine organisms in regard to these insufficient data is discussed.

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02086817/document

Occurrence of PPCPs in the marine environment: a review

Phytoremediation is a group of technologies that use plants to reduce, remove, degrade, or immobilize environmental toxins, primarily those of anthropogenic origin, with the aim of restoring area sites to a condition useable for private or public applications Phytoremediation efforts have largely focused on the use of plants to accelerate degradation of organic contaminants, usually in concert with root rhizosphere microorganisms, or remove hazardous heavy metals from soils or water Phytoremediation of contaminated sites is a relatively inexpensive and aesthetically pleasing to the public compared to alternate remediation strategies involving excavation/removal or chemical in situ stabilization/conversion Many phytoremediation plans have multi-year timetables, but since most sites in need of remediatrion have been contaminated for more than ten years, as such a ten year remediation plan does not seem excessive Seven aspects of phytoremediation are described in this chapter: phytoextraction, phytodegradation, rhizosphere degradation, rhizofiltration, phytostabilization, phytovolatization, and phytorestoration Combining technologies offer the greatest potential to efficiently phytoremediate contaminated sites The major focus of this chapter is phytoextraction of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury, nickel, lead, selenium, and zinc

Phytoremediation and hyperaccumulator plants

Behavior of Trifolium repens and Lolium perenne growing in a heavy metal contaminated field: Plant metal concentration and phytotoxicity.

Phytotoxicity of petroleum hydrocarbons: Sources, impacts and remediation strategies.

En France, des quantites importantes de sediments contamines par des polluants metalliques sont curees chaque annee, et deposees a meme le sol sans precautions particulieres. En depit de leurs concentrations elevees en metaux, ces depots se revegetalisent spontanement, ce qui peut entrainer, a travers une evolution differente des caracteristiques physicochimiques du sediment, des changements de mobilite et de biodisponibilite des metaux. Afin d'evaluer cet impact, une etude a ete conduite en serre pour mesurer la mobilisation des metaux lors de la culture de differentes especes vegetales ; mais, ray grass et colza. L'absorption des metaux par les differentes especes a egalement ete suivie. Les resultats presentes dans cette etude montrent que des quantites importantes de metaux sont absorbees par la vegetation. Ils indiquent egalement que l'installation d'un couvert vegetal influe sur les caracteristiques physico-chimiques de la matrice solide, induisant ainsi une augmentation de la mobilite des metaux.

/pdf/impact-of-vegetation-on-the-mobility-and-bioavailability-of-40i4ikcfsh.pdf

Impact of vegetation on the mobility and bioavailability of trace elements in a dredged sediment deposit: a greenhouse study

Influence of pre-treatment step on PAHs analyses in contaminated soils.

In order to understand the analytical difficulties to determine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a contaminated soil, nine laboratories compared the PAH contents of the 16 US-EPA list, in a soil coming from a former coking plant, and in the solvent extract. The results show that: (1) the analytical protocol are very heterogeneous (nine laboratories and nine analytical methods); (2) Soxhlet, Soxtec and ASE extraction methods lead to comparable results; (3) GC/MS allows more reproducible results (20% of variation) than HPLC (between 20 and 80%), even if both techniques lead to comparable concentration levels; (4) GC/MS and HPLC responses seem independent of the molecular weight of the compounds, and rather related to the content levels: the more the content is increasing, the more the variation rate is decreasing. A subsequent study will focus on the influence of the pre-treatment on the measured values. Un test interlaboratoire (9 participants) sur l'analyse des 16 HAP de la liste de l'US EPA, dans un sol pollue d'une ancienne cokerie (quelques dizaines de ppm) a permis, apres un rappel des aspects normatifs existants, de degager un certain nombre de points-cles dans la comprehension des variations habituellement observees lors de l'analyse de ces produits. S'il ne semble pas y avoir de consensus pour l'utilisation des techniques d'extraction (Soxhlet, Soxtec et ASE), les resultats observes avec chacune d'elles sont par contre tres proches. Les dosages par HPLC/UV-fluorimetrie et GC/MS conduisent a des niveaux de teneurs moyennes comparables, avec cependant une reproductibilite meilleure pour la GC/MS. Les valeurs de reproductibilite ne semblent pas etre fonction de la masse moleculaire mais plutot des concentrations mesurees, particulierement pour de faibles concentrations.

Comparaison interlaboratoire de résultats d'analyse des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques dans un sol

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Impact of vegetation on the mobility and bioavailability of trace elements in a dredged sediment deposit: a greenhouse study

Influence of pre-treatment step on PAHs analyses in contaminated soils.

Comparaison interlaboratoire de résultats d'analyse des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques dans un sol