Latin American national health systems were drastically overhauled by the health sector reforms the 1990s. Governments were urged by donors and by the international financial institutions to make major institutional changes, including the separation of purchaser and provider functions and privatization. This article first analyses a striking paradox of the far-reaching reform measures: contrary to what is imposed on public health services, after privatization purchaser and provider functions are reunited. Then we compare two contrasting examples: Colombia, which is internationally promoted as a successful--and radical--example of 'market-oriented' health care reform, and Cuba, which followed a highly 'conservative' path to adapt its public system to the new conditions since the 1990s, going against the model of the international institutions. The Colombian reform has not been able to materialize its promises of universality, improved equity, efficiency and better quality, while Cuban health care remains free, accessible for everybody and of good quality. Finally, we argue that the basic premises of the ongoing health sector reforms in Latin America are not based on the people's needs, but are strongly influenced by the needs of foreign--especially North American--corporations. However, an alternative model of health sector reform, such as the Cuban one, can probably not be pursued without fundamental changes in the economic and political foundations of Latin American societies.

/pdf/colombia-and-cuba-contrasting-models-in-latin-america-s-2f6i2d8m1o.pdf

Colombia and Cuba, contrasting models in Latin America's health sector reform

We use early-time photometry and spectroscopy of 12 Type II plateau supernovae (SNe IIP) to derive their distances using the expanding photosphere method (EPM). We perform this study using two sets of Type II supernova (SN II) atmosphere models, three filter subsets ({BV}, {BVI}, and {VI}), and two methods for the host-galaxy extinction, which leads to 12 Hubble diagrams. We find that systematic differences in the atmosphere models lead to ∼50% differences in the EPM distances and to a value of H0 between 52 and 101 km s-1Mpc−1. Using the {VI} filter subset we obtain the lowest dispersion in the Hubble diagram, σμ =  0.32 mag. We also apply the EPM analysis to the well observed SN IIP 1999em. With the {VI} filter subset we derive a distance ranging from 9.3 ± 0.5 Mpc to 13.9 ± 1.4 Mpc depending on the atmosphere model employed.

Distance determination to 12 type ii supernovae using the expanding photosphere method

Health care reforms implemented in Latin America and the Caribbean over the last 20 years have viewed community participation as a system-wide component. Nonetheless, these reform efforts have yet to break through the conceptual and operational barriers holding back the development and expansion of community participation. In Chile, changes introduced to the health care system are far from achieving any real participation from the community. Therefore, the consumer's role needs to be redefined from merely controlling the parts, to reaching across the whole system in a way that consumer input might identify and quickly correct any posible shortcomings in the health system's design, as well as its operations. With this in mind, the main challenges are to strengthen coordination among the various promotion and participation commitments, as well as community control, and to generate data and other evidence to assess the impact of community participation in health strategies.

/pdf/la-participacion-social-en-salud-el-desafio-de-chile-383rao7pvl.pdf

La participación social en salud: el desafío de Chile

This comprehensive critical review, carried out in a descriptive-discursive style, presents the oral health surveillance policy currently in force in Brazil. Based on an appraisal of the national and international literature on the subject of health surveillance, it examines the formulation of a scientific and political agenda for oral health surveillance, which is anchored in the institutions of the Brazilian Public Health System. The accomplishment of this agenda is exemplified by the presentation of the most recent Brazilian Oral Health survey (SBBrasil 2010). A conclusive summary is presented on the search for a theoretical and methodological convergence of both the identification of the obstacles and weaknesses still detectable in this policy, and the recognition of its virtues already confirmed by important advances and achievements.

/pdf/avancos-e-desafios-a-politica-de-vigilancia-a-saude-bucal-no-24c0tf6h66.pdf

Avanços e desafios à Política de Vigilância à Saúde Bucal no Brasil

Fundamento:As publicacoes sobre pesquisa cardiovascular parecem estar crescendo na America Latina em geral.Objetivo:Analisar as tendencias nas publicacoes cardiovasculares e suas citacoes de paises na America Latina entre 1999 e 2008, e compara-las aquelas dos demais paises.Metodos:Recuperamos, a partir da base de dados Web of Knowledge, as referencias de publicacoes cardiovasculares entre 1999 e 2008 e as suas citacoes cinco anos apos publicacao. Para os paises da America Latina, calculamos o numero total de publicacoes e seus indices de citacao (numero total de citacoes dividido pelo numero de publicacoes) por ano. Analisamos as tendencias das publicacoes e dos indices de citacao ao longo do tempo usando modelos de regressao de Poisson. A analise foi repetida para a America Latina como regiao e comparada aquela para os demais paises agrupados de acordo com o desenvolvimento economico.Resultados:O Brasil (n = 6.132) apresentou o mais alto numero de publicacoes no periodo 1999-2008, seguindo-se Argentina (n = 1.686), Mexico (n = 1.368) e Chile (n = 874). A maioria dos paises apresentou elevacao do numero de publicacoes ao longo do tempo, principalmente Guatemala (36,5% anual [IC 95%: 16,7%-59,7%]), Colombia (22,1% [16,3%-28,2%]), Costa Rica (18,1% [8,1%-28,9%]) e Brasil (17,9% [16,9%-19,1%]). No entanto, as tendencias dos indices de citacao variaram muito, de -33,8% a 28,4%. De 1999 a 2008, as publicacoes cardiovasculares na America Latina aumentaram em 12,9% (12,1%-13,5%) por ano. Entretanto, os indices de citacao da America Latina aumentaram 1,5% (1,3%-1,7%) por ano, um aumento menor do que aqueles dos demais grupos de paises analisados.Conclusoes:Embora o numero de publicacoes cardiovasculares da America Latina tenha aumentado de 1999 a 2008, tendencias nos indices de citacao sugerem que elas possam ter tido um impacto relativamente baixo na area de pesquisa, reforcando a importância de se considerar a qualidade e a disseminacao nas politicas locais de pesquisa.

/pdf/cardiovascular-research-publications-from-latin-america-343vq7uvdm.pdf

Cardiovascular Research Publications from Latin America between 1999 and 2008. A Bibliometric Study

En las Americas, las reformas del sector de la salud se enfrentan al desafio de fortalecer la funcion rectora de las autoridades sanitarias y una parte importante de este papel consiste en dar cumplimiento a las funciones esenciales de la salud publica (FESP) que competen al Estado en sus niveles central, intermedio y local. Para ello es crucial mejorar la practica de la salud publica y los instrumentos para valorar su estado actual y las areas en las que debe ser fortalecida. En virtud de lo anterior, la Organizacion Panamericana de la Salud (OPS) ha puesto en marcha la iniciativa "La salud publica en las Americas", dirigida a la definicion y medicion de las FESP como base para mejorar la practica de la salud publica y fortalecer el liderazgo de las autoridades sanitarias en todos los niveles del Estado. El presente articulo resume aspectos conceptuales y metodologicos relacionados con la definicion y medicion de las FESP y analiza las implicaciones de la medicion del desempeno de las mismas en el mejoramiento de las practicas de la salud publica en las Americas.

/pdf/las-funciones-esenciales-de-la-salud-publica-un-tema-zvjrybentt.pdf

Las funciones esenciales de la salud pública: un tema emergente en las reformas del sector de la salud

In the Americas, health sector reforms are facing the challenge of strengthening the steering and leadership role of health authorities. An important part of that role consists of fulfilling the essential public health functions (EPHFs) that are incumbent on all levels of government. For that, it's crucial to improve public health practice, as well as the instruments used to assess the current state of public health practice and the areas where it needs to be strengthened. For that purpose, the Pan American Health Organization has started an initiative called "Public Health in the Americas," with the objective of defining and measuring EPHFs, as a way of improving public health practice and strengthening the leadership provided by health authorities at all levels of government. This article summarizes conceptual and methodological aspects of defining and measuring EPHFs. The article also analyzes the implications that measuring performance on these public health roles, responsibilities, and activities would have for improving public health practice in the Americas.

/pdf/essential-functions-of-public-health-emerging-topic-in-iqog4z1q06.pdf

[Essential functions of public health: emerging topic in health care reform].

In the Americas health sector reforms are facing the challenge of strengthening the steering and leadership role of health authorities. An important part of that role consists of fulfilling the essential public health functions (EPHFs) that are incumbent on all levels of government. For that it is crucial to improve public health practice as well as the instruments used to assess the current state of public health practice and the areas where it needs to be strengthened. For that purpose the Pan American Health Organization has started an initiative called "Public Health in the Americas" with the objective of defining and measuring EPHFs as a way of improving public health practice and strengthening the leadership provided by health authorities at all levels of government. This article summarizes conceptual and methodological aspects of defining and measuring EPHFs. The article also analyzes the implications that measuring performance on these public health roles responsibilities and activities would have for improving public health practice in the Americas. (authors)

/pdf/the-essential-functions-of-public-health-an-emerging-theme-3zsesubb1f.pdf

The essential functions of public health: an emerging theme in health sector reforms

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Paul Halverson

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Las funciones esenciales de la salud pública: un tema emergente en las reformas del sector de la salud

[Essential functions of public health: emerging topic in health care reform].

The essential functions of public health: an emerging theme in health sector reforms