/pdf/life-death-or-zombie-the-vitality-of-international-4563wi5rwm.pdf

Life, Death, or Zombie? The Vitality of International Organizations

The burgeoning interest on social capital within the climate change community signals a positive movement towards a concern for the behavioural elements of adaptive action and capacity. But social capital is a slippery concept. In this paper the case is put forward for a critical engagement with social capital. There is need for an open debate on the dangers and opportunities that social capital presents. This paper discusses the formation, operation and utility of social capital and reviews ...

Understanding adaptation: What can social capital offer assessments of adaptive capacity?

This report, based primarily on a 1995 University of the West Indies participatory study, focuses on the complex relationship between violence and urban poverty in Jamaica. The government established the Jamaican Social Investment Fund (JSIF) in 1996, with the primary goal of reducing poverty and helping to create an environment for sustainable national development. To incorporate the voices of the urban poor in the JSIF project design, the study used a Participatory Urban Appraisal (PUA) methodology with fieldwork in five communities broadly representing Jamaica's poor areas. The study's specific objective was to elicit and identify perceptions of four different aspects of violence on employment, the economic and social infrastructure, and local social institutions, and the perceived means by which government, communities, households, and individuals could work to reduce violence. The PUA demonstrates that poor Jamaicans perceive the two assets -labor and social capital- as integrally linked in self-perpetuating cycles. As long as violence results in area stigma and as long as it keeps people locked in their communities, afraid to venture far from home, residents of these poor areas cannot access existing jobs, businesses are reluctant to invest in their communities, children have trouble getting to school, and the communities themselves are unlikely to improve their neighborhoods by investing in housing and other local infrastructure. 

Urban Poverty and Violence in Jamaica

Social Policy: Themes and Approaches

International tourism is now the predominant industry driving growth in many small island developing states (SIDS). Governments of small islands in the Indian Ocean, Caribbean and Pacific have seemingly put most of their eggs into one development basket – the all-inclusive holiday in a luxury hotel, resort or cruise ship. While this industry generates employment, foreign direct investment, and income for island governments and the private sector, it also brings with it dependencies which are borne from the transnational ownership of these all-inclusive accommodations, the risks from exogenous factors – many of which are tied to the wider security of the global system – as well as the domestic economies in the source markets in Europe and North America. We reflect upon these dependencies and risks through a case study of the Seychelles based on fieldwork research conducted in 2012. Our findings highlight that the international tourism industry in the Seychelles – even in a situation of high or grow...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09692290.2014.887590

The political economy of precarious work in the tourism industry in small island developing states

In 1987 St. Vincent's Prime Minister James Mitchell called on his fellow Prime Ministers in the Eastern Caribbean to merge their separate countries into a single state. He argued that individually they had exhausted the possibilities of separate independence and they could only pursue regional and international development and indeed economic survival by pooling their scarce resources to combat common problems. By the end of the year all the Leeward Islands rejected the initiative although it remained very much alive among the governments of the Windward chain, Grenada, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, St. Lucia and the Commonwealth of Dominica. During the next eight years, efforts of the Windward Islands to merge were debated but the initiative for unification ultimately died. Through extensive interviews and analyses of primary documents, Lewis paints a compelling picture of island and regional jealousies and conflicting economic priorities, which prevented the Windward and Leeward Islands from cooperating and which ultimately destroyed the movement for political unification in the Windwards. Ultimately, the unification movement failed because the process was dominated by elites and was not democratic. Lewis's thorough analysis provides guidance for future efforts at regional unification. The most important non-economic grounds for regional unity lay in the cultural sphere: the critical need to express and conceptualize a West Indian identity based on a shared historical cultural experience arising from slavery. By emphasizing a shared West Indian identity, a democratic process, and a need to act as a sovereign entity to combat globalization and economic weakness, political union in the region may become a possibility. The book is of interest to a wide group of scholars, policymakers, Caribbean historians and all those interested in development strategies and regional integration.

Surviving Small Size: Regional Integration in Caribbean Ministates

Small island developing states (SIDS) are recognized as a special case for sustainable development due to the unique set of challenges and vulnerabilities they face. While SIDS are a diverse group of nations, most share characteristics of small size, limited land availability, insularity, susceptibility to natural disasters and deep integration into global markets that make them particularly vulnerable to global environmental and economic change processes. Although there has been considerable research into the impacts of global change processes on small island vulnerability, much less attention has been paid to their resilience, particularly at the intersection of environmental and economic change and the consequences for food security. This paper presents an overview of the social–ecological vulnerabilities that drive food and nutrition insecurity in different SIDS contexts and considers how policies and governance arrangements might better support more resilient and sustainable small island food systems drawing from the collection of papers in this Special Issue.

/pdf/environmental-change-and-food-security-the-special-case-of-1dkqxukikd.pdf

Environmental change and food security: the special case of small island developing states

Responses to the sovereignty/vulnerability/development dilemmas* : Small territories and regional organisations in the Caribbean

The banana industry in the four Wind-ward Islands, Dominica, Grenada, St. Lucia and St. Vincent, is the focus of a comprehensive restructuring process. This process is being fuelled by the fears shared by these islands' governments and organizations involved in the production, marketing and selling of Windward Islands' bananas on the European market, that the industry, as it is currently organized, is not competitive. The issue of competitiveness arises because in the first place the preferential access to the EU market which they currently enjoy is likely to end in the year 2002 and, even before then, key aspects of the EU's banana protocol were ruled by the WTO Panel and Appellate Body in September 1997, to be in contravention of WTO rules.

Making a Better Banana Farmer: Restructuring the West Indian Banana Industry

Britain’s decision to leave the European Union has sent shockwaves not just within Europe but across the globe. In the Caribbean, it has heightened uncertainty about the Caribbean Community’s (CARICOM) ability to survive its own fissures, most recently expressed in Jamaica’s decision to review its membership of CARICOM. This article explores some of the challenges CARICOM is experiencing, in particular Jamaica’s dissatisfaction with and position within the group. It argues that despite parallels between Britain and Jamaica and their position in their respective groupings, the rationale for CARICOM is fundamentally different from that underlying the European integration experience. It concludes that CARICOM is unlikely to unfurl because the factors driving the process—small size, global marginality and common challenges—provide a strong impetus for their cohesion.

The Repercussions of Brexit for CARICOM’s Cohesion

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