There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

The Turn: Integration of Information Seeking and Retrieval in Context (The Information Retrieval Series)

Americas conference on information systems

We describe the overall organization of the CLEF 2003 evaluation campaign, with a particular focus on the cross-language ad hoc and domainspecific retrieval tracks. The paper discusses the evaluation approach adopted, describes the tracks and tasks offered and the test collections used, and provides an outline of the guidelines given to the participants. It concludes with an overview of the techniques employed for results calculation and analysis for the monolingual, bilingual and multilingual and GIRT tasks.

/pdf/comparative-evaluation-of-multilingual-information-access-4ai1xl16m2.pdf

Comparative Evaluation of Multilingual Information Access Systems

It is believed that transactions belong to key services of componentbased middleware. However, surprisingly, there is no general agreement on how the component-based middleware support for transactions should look like. In this paper we exploit our experiences with Jironde [4], a flexible framework that extends the Fractal component model [1, 2] with transactions via a set of transactional controllers that manage transactions on behalf of a component. Then we identify several key architectural and technical issues related to enhancing component-based middleware with transactions. We investigate how current technologies address theses issues, and the suitability of current standards to support transaction processing in component-based middleware. 1 Transactions and Components: Architectural Issues Different component models deal with component’s participation in a transaction differently. In the explicit transaction participation, the scenario of involving a component C to a transaction t essentially consists of the three steps as follows: 1) C is registered to t. 2) A client invokes various operations on C. 3) At the time of t’s validation, the transaction manager invokes specific methods of the registered C’s interfaces. These (callback) methods must be implemented by the transactional components. With the implicit transaction participation, components are not obliged to implement any functionality related to transactions. Any time C is visited by a transaction t, the transaction manager of the container keeps all necessary information to manage atomicity, concurrency control, and recovery. Different component standards deal with component participation in transactions differently. CCM use the explicit transaction participation, COM+ uses the implicit one, while EJB mix both. Component-unaware transactions manipulate data without any knowledge on whether they are organized or related to components. For component-aware transactions, components are the data they manipulate with. We believe that all the CCM, EJB, and COM+ transactions are component-unaware. A component is transaction-unaware if its code does not use any transactional primitives and is not therefore in any way dependent on any transactional standard, while a transactionaware component is the opposite. Component’s awareness of transactions reflects the implicit/explicit transaction participation but includes also some hidden expectations of the component design. Transaction-unaware container does not deal with On Enhancing Component-Based Middleware with Transactions 2 transactions, which are managed at the application level instead. Transaction-aware container provides some transaction management features, such as containerdemarcation, transaction propagation, concurrency control, etc. EJB, CCM and COM+ are examples that provide such containers. 2 Transactions and Components: Technical Issues The technical issues related to transactional component include concurrency control, recovery, and transaction context propagation. As for concurrency control, the current technologies either use a simple read/write model or do not allow any concurrent access to component instances at all. It would be beneficial to exploit the concurrency potential of components by e.g. the use of conflict matrixes defined on all the methods of all implemented interfaces. Both concurrency control and recovery of components reflect the architectural patterns presented in the previous section. Another important issue is the transaction context propagation. There are several options of how to specify a transaction propagation policy, as well as whether to define it either during the component’s development or during its deployment. A last issue is to support the definition of new propagation policies, like JOTDF [5] does.

On The Move to meaningful Internet systems 2003 : OTM 2003 Workshops : OTM Confederated International Workshops : HCI-SWWA, IPW, JTRES, WORM, WMS, and WRSM 2003, Catania, Sicily, Italy, November 3-7, 2003 : proceedings

Linguistically Motivated Information Retrieval

An exploration of the fundamentals of Web site modelling. It covers theoretical background as well as practical modelling techniques, which assist in the planning and development of Web sites, other collections of hyper-documents and Web-based information systems in general.

/pdf/information-modeling-for-internet-applications-56zj48e99u.pdf

Information modeling for internet applications

Gartner advises that for enterprise architecture development to be successful, it is vital that enterprise architects ensure effective communication and also form virtual teams that create and agree on enterprise architecture content. One of the ways to achieve this is to enforce Collaborative Decision Making (CDM) during enterprise architecture creation. Guided by Design Science, we are developing a method referred to as Collaborative Evaluation of (Enterprise) Architecture Design Alternatives (CEADA) to enable CDM during enterprise architecture creation. The method attempts to resolve challenges in enterprise architecting that are caused by ineffective collaboration between enterprise architects and organizational stakeholders. Requirements for CEADA have been defined based on the causality analysis theory, the generic decision-making process, enterprise architecture frameworks (and literature), and the CDM theory. In addition, Collaboration Engineering has been used to design a collaboration process to...

Definition and validation of requirements for collaborative decision-making in enterprise architecture creation

In this article, we describe a number of indexing experiments based on indexing terms other than simple keywords. These experiments were conducted as one step in validating a linguistically-motivated indexing model. The problem is important but not new. What is new in this approach is the variety of schemes evaluated. It is important since it should not only help to overcome the well-known problems of bag-of-words representations, but also the difficulties raised by non-linguistic text simplification techniques such as stemming, stop-word deletion, and term selection. Our approach in the selection of terms is based on part-of-speech tagging and shallow parsing. The indexing schemes evaluated vary from simple keywords to nouns, verbs, adverbs, adjectives, adjacent word-pairs, and head-modifier pairs. Our findings apply to Information Retrieval and most of related areas.

An Evaluation of Linguistically-motivated Indexing Schemes

Several challenges in enterprise architecture development indicate the need for collaborative decision making to be deployed during architecture creation However, how this should be achieved remains ad hoc This paper, therefore, presents an evolving theory that is currently being used to guide the development of a method for supporting collaborative decision making during enterprise architecture creation The first iteration to evaluate the relevance of the concepts in this theory was done using an exploratory survey, and the findings are briefly presented.

Towards a theory on collaborative decision making in enterprise architecture

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