Many industries are geographically concentrated. Many mechanisms that could account for such agglomeration have been proposed. We note that these theories make different predictions about which pairs of industries should be coagglomerated. We discuss the measurement of coagglomeration and use data from the Census Bureau's Longitudinal Research Database from 1972 to 1997 to compute pairwise coagglomeration measurements for U.S. manufacturing industries. Industry attributes are used to construct measures of the relevance of each of Marshall's three theories of industry agglomeration to each industry pair: (1) agglomeration saves transport costs by proximity to input suppliers or final consumers, (2) agglomeration allows for labor market pooling, and (3) agglomeration facilitates intellectual spillovers. We assess the importance of the theories via regressions of coagglomeration indices on these measures. Data on characteristics of corresponding industries in the United Kingdom are used as instruments. We find evidence to support each mechanism. Our results suggest that input-output dependencies are the most important factor, followed by labor pooling.

/pdf/what-causes-industry-agglomeration-evidence-from-10ce21loq5.pdf

What Causes Industry Agglomeration? Evidence from Coagglomeration Patterns

Over the past few generations, expectations of comfort, cleanliness and convenience have altered radically, but these dramatic changes have largely gone unnoticed. This intriguing book brings together the sociology of consumption and technology to investigate the evolution of these changes, as well the social meaning of the practices themselves. Homes, offices, domestic appliances and clothes play a crucial role in our lives, but not many of us question exactly how and why we perform so many daily rituals associated with them. Showers, heating, air-conditioning and clothes washing are simply accepted as part of our normal, everyday lives, but clearly this was not always the case. When did the daily shower become de rigueur? What effect has air conditioning had on the siesta at one time an integral part of Mediterranean life and culture? This book interrogates the meaning and supposed normality of these practices and draws disturbing conclusions. There is clear evidence supporting the view that routine consumption is controlled by conceptions of normality and profoundly shaped by cultural and economic forces. Shove maintains that habits are not just changing, but are changing in ways that imply escalating and standardizing patterns of consumption. This shrewd and engrossing analysis shows just how far the social meanings and practices of comfort, cleanliness and convenience have eluded us.

Comfort, cleanliness and conveniencethe social organization ofnormality

The aim of the research described in this paper is to examine the validity of the claims that higher-density urban form promotes social equity—that is, promotes benefits for the life-chances of low-income groups. Overall, the evidence suggests that, for medium-sized English cities, higher urban densities may be positive for some aspects of social equity and negative for others. More specifically, likely benefits include improved public transport, reduced social segregation and better access to facilities, while the main problems are likely to be reduced living space and a lack of affordable housing. Investigations of different aspects of density show that the cities that most support social equity appear to be those that have a large proportion of high-density housing.

The Compact City: Just or Just Compact? A Preliminary Analysis

When societies are confronted with major, disruptive emergencies, the fate of politicians and public policies hangs in the balance. Both government actors and their critics will try to escape blame for their occurrence, consolidate/strengthen their political capital, and advance/defend the policies they stand for. Crises thus generate framing contests to interpret events, their causes, and the responsibilities and lessons involved in ways that suit their political purposes and visions of future policy directions. This article dissects these processes and articulates foundations for a theory of crisis exploitation. Drawing on 15 cases of crisis-induced framing contests, we identify potentially crucial factors that may explain both the political (effects on incumbent office-holders/institutions) and policy (effects on programs) impacts of crises.

/pdf/crisis-exploitation-political-and-policy-impacts-of-framing-4otgrv4jwv.pdf

Crisis exploitation: political and policy impacts of framing contests

The reliability and vulnerability of critical infrastructures have attracted a lot of attention recently. In order to assess these issues quantitatively, operational measures are needed. Such measures can also be used as guidance to road administrations in their prioritisation of maintenance and repair of roads, as well as for avoiding causing unnecessary disturbances in the planning of roadwork. The concepts of link importance and site exposure are introduced. In this paper, several link importance indices and site exposure indices are derived, based on the increase in generalised travel cost when links are closed. These measures are divided into two groups: one reflecting an “equal opportunities perspective”, and the other a “social efficiency perspective”. The measures are calculated for the road network of northern Sweden. Results are collected in a GIS for visualisation, and are presented per link and municipality. In view of the recent great interest in complex networks, some topological measures of the road network are also presented.

Importance and Exposure in Road Network Vulnerability Analysis

https://www.be.unsw.edu.au/sites/default/files/upload/attitudestoconservationandwaterconsumption.pdf

Attitudes to conservation and water consumption

Multilevel Governance and Urban Development in Australia

Troubled waters: confronting the water crisis in Australia's cities

The best ebooks about Future Cities that you can get for free here by download this Future Cities and save to your desktop. This ebooks is under topic such as city of the future national league of cities new lenses on future cities s05atic-shell technology and the future of cities the whitehouse cities of the future pricewaterhousecoopers running future cities on blockchain sap future cities collective us department of energy michael l hallmark future cities main industry agenda inspiring future cities & urban services future cities: building infrastructure resilience sessions smart to future cities & urban iot knect365 the future of cities: creating a vision kpmg | us future of cities: an overview of evidence gov cities of the future illinois the future of cities: what is the global agenda gov a report from the economist intelligence unit 2025 future cities in a warming world the urban climatologist the future of cities, construction & real estate festival of the future city the future cities guide creating liveable and climate practice questions future city n 2012 designing future cities wsp group sean duncan future cities the future of cities: measuring sustainability kpmg | us future cities and environmental sustainability future cities all that matters dramland future cities: uk capabilities for urban innovation future cities: time to smarten up hpe newsroom what will future cities be like ebook download american cities of the future american cities of the closer together this future cities pdf download closer together this future cities bhfszipmsideas feeding future future city competition managing water for future cities oecd future trends and market opportunities summary executive future cities all that matters pdf format dbsamonrovia march 2017 future cities dialogue ipsos the future of iot in cities harvard university

The future of cities

Innovation and reaction : the life and death of the Federal Department of Urban and Regional Development

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