Even in the North American and European context, relationalism comes in many flavours. We identify the common features of relational approaches, including varieties of practice theory, pragmatism a...

Reclaiming the social: relationalism in anglophone international studies

Acting is everything: the European Union and the process of becoming a peacebuilder

Metaphor theorists often state that metaphors are constitutive of thought and action. This article asks how language constructions are constitutive of policy, using the example of immigration policies in the United States. First, the claims of some metaphor analysts are scrutinised. Then a different approach is proposed, one that focuses on formulaic, oft-repeated schemas, or conventional discourses. Conventional discourses are not the same as Foucauldian discursive frameworks. Instead, they are stock rhetorical-interpretive frameworks. For policymakers they serve as mental shortcuts and political identity signals. Political speeches are constructed from multiple conventional discourses; 18 conventional discourses about immigration were drawn upon in just one Congressional debate. Their variety and numbers indicate the possibilities for differing policy emphases. Such constructions, including the formulaic metaphors that are typical of a particular conventional discourse, are constitutive in only a limited sense; they are suggestive without being determinative. Skilful politicians can creatively combine conventional discourses with rhetorical strategies of concession, springboarding, and co-optation to align with multiple constituencies, including ones on opposing sides of an issue. These points are illustrated with the example of U.S. Congressional debate about HR 4437, the Border Protection, Antiterrorism, and Illegal Immigration Control Act of 2005.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1057%2Fjird.2012.18.pdf

How are language constructions constitutive? Strategic uses of conventional discourses about immigration

/pdf/the-artful-side-of-the-terrorism-discourse-a-response-to-31ykpz1hov.pdf

The Artful Side of the Terrorism Discourse: A Response to Hülsse & Spencer:

Ungoverned Spaces: AFRICOM and U.S. Foreign Policy in Africa

The claim that important aspects of world politics are socially constructed should no longer appear controversial to IR scholars. Yet, debate about the proper role of identity in the study of world politics continues apace, with scholars on one extreme trying to force identity into a variable framework, and on the other arguing that the multifaceted nature of identity makes systematic study of world politics impossible. Scholars debate whether identity “matters” in world politics without having any real consensus on what it might mean for identity (or any other factor) to “matter,” and conduct research on identity using a variety of incompatible methods: textual analysis, interviews, polling data, cultural criticism, and so on. They also disagree about the extent to which identity should be regarded as socially constructed, with scholars placing the limits of this social construction in a number of different places. There is thus a good deal of confusion among scholars working on identity, and this confusion contributes to the field’s lack of consensus on these issues.

Whose Identity?: Rhetorical Commonplaces in “American” Wartime Foreign Policy

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Whose Identity?: Rhetorical Commonplaces in “American” Wartime Foreign Policy