Cause, conseguenze e strategie di mitigazione Proponiamo il primo di una serie di articoli in cui affronteremo l’attuale problema dei mutamenti climatici. Presentiamo il documento redatto, votato e pubblicato dall’Ipcc - Comitato intergovernativo sui cambiamenti climatici - che illustra la sintesi delle ricerche svolte su questo tema rilevante.

/pdf/climate-change-2007-the-physical-science-basis-1x93ttz9jt.pdf

Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis.

Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa: The Birds of the Western Palearctic. Volume 1: Ostrich to Ducks. Stanley Cramp

Numerous international scientific assessments and related articles have, during the last decade, described the observed and potential impacts of climate change as well as other related environmental stressors on Arctic ecosystems. There is increasing recognition that observed and projected changes in freshwater sources, fluxes, and storage will have profound implications for the physical, biogeochemical, biological, and ecological processes and properties of Arctic terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. However, a significant level of uncertainty remains in relation to forecasting the impacts of an intensified hydrological regime and related cryospheric change on ecosystem structure and function. As the terrestrial and freshwater ecology component of the Arctic Freshwater Synthesis, we review these uncertainties and recommend enhanced coordinated circumpolar research and monitoring efforts to improve quantification and prediction of how an altered hydrological regime influences local, regional, and circumpolar-level responses in terrestrial and freshwater systems. Specifically, we evaluate (i) changes in ecosystem productivity; (ii) alterations in ecosystem-level biogeochemical cycling and chemical transport; (iii) altered landscapes, successional trajectories, and creation of new habitats; (iv) altered seasonality and phenological mismatches; and (v) gains or losses of species and associated trophic interactions. We emphasize the need for developing a process-based understanding of interecosystem interactions, along with improved predictive models. We recommend enhanced use of the catchment scale as an integrated unit of study, thereby more explicitly considering the physical, chemical, and ecological processes and fluxes across a full freshwater continuum in a geographic region and spatial range of hydroecological units (e.g., stream-pond-lake-river-near shore marine environments).

https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2015JG003133

Transitions in Arctic ecosystems: Ecological implications of a changing hydrological regime

Snow is a critically important and rapidly changing feature of the Arctic. However, snow-cover and snowpack conditions change through time pose challenges for measuring and prediction of snow. Plausible scenarios of how Arctic snow cover will respond to changing Arctic climate are important for impact assessments and adaptation strategies. Although much progress has been made in understanding and predicting snow-cover changes and their multiple consequences, many uncertainties remain. In this paper, we review advances in snow monitoring and modelling, and the impact of snow changes on ecosystems and society in Arctic regions. Interdisciplinary activities are required to resolve the current limitations on measuring and modelling snow characteristics through the cold season and at different spatial scales to assure human well-being, economic stability, and improve the ability to predict manage and adapt to natural hazards in the Arctic region.

/pdf/changing-arctic-snow-cover-a-review-of-recent-developments-1tututu8re.pdf

Changing Arctic Snow Cover: A Review of Recent Developments and Assessment of Future Needs for Observations, Modelling, and Impacts

Arctic Human Development Report

The Arctic Biodiversity Assessment has received financial support from the following sources: Canada, Denmark/Greenland, Finland, Norway, Sweden, United States of America, the Nordic Council of Ministers, and the Chief Scientist was financed by the Danish Environmental Protection Agency as part of the environmental support programme DANCEA.

Arctic Biodiversity Assesment. Synthesis.

Arctic Biodiversity Assessment 2013

Authors Hans Meltofte, Tom Barry, Dominique Berteaux, Helga Bültmann, Jørgen S. Christiansen, Joseph A. Cook, Anders Dahlberg, Fred J.A. Daniëls, Dorothee Ehrich, Finnur Friðriksson, Barbara Ganter, Anthony J. Gaston, Lynn Gillespie, Lenore Grenoble, Eric P. Hoberg, Ian D. Hodkinson, Henry P. Huntington, Rolf A. Ims, Alf B. Josefson, Susan J. Kutz, Sergius L. Kuzmin, Kristin L. Laidre, Dennis R. Lassuy, Patrick N. Lewis, Connie Lovejoy, Christine Michel, Vadim Mokievsky, Tero Mustonen, David C. Payer, Michel Poulin, Donald Reid, James D. Reist, David F. Tessler and Frederick J. Wrona

Arctic Biodiversity Synthesis.

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Arctic Biodiversity Assesment. Synthesis.

Arctic Biodiversity Assessment 2013

Arctic Biodiversity Synthesis.