Effects of electrode voltage, liquid flow rate, and liquid properties on spray chargeability of an air-assisted electrostatic-induction spray-charging system

In this study, an electrostatic sprayer which had been previously designed and constructed was evaluated in order to quantify the charging of droplets. Liquid atomization was achieved by using an ultrasonic nozzle. The nozzle maximum flow rate was 25 milliliters per minute and vibration frequency was about 30 kHz. The induction method was used for charging the output droplets. All experiments were carried out within a closed environment with a fixed ambient humidity and temperature to reduce the effect of environmental factors. The independent parameters in this study included: voltage at four levels of 1.5, 3, 5 and 7 kV; air flow speed at six levels of 14, 14.9, 17, 20.2, 21.6 and 23 m s ; charging electrode radius in two levels of 10 and 15 millimeters, horizontal distance between the electrode and nozzle tip at four levels of 1.5, 6, 10 and 15 millimeters; and liquid flow rate at three levels of 5, 12 and 25 milliliters per minutes. For evaluation of the system, the charging quantities of droplets were measured in different states. The maximum charging occurred at 5 ml min flow rate, voltage of 7 kV, air flow speed of 23 m s and the resulting current was 0.24 μA. On dividing the electrical current by the liquid flow rate and changing the scale, the mean charge to mass ratio was 1.032 μC g. Increasing voltage increased the charging quantity slightly but higher voltages and lower air speeds decreased it. The effect of the faster air speed on droplet charging phenomena is positive and the smaller electrode radius causes less charge induction on the droplets. The quantity of droplets charging first increased with increased distance between ring electrode and nozzle tip, and then it was either reduced and/or fixed.

Effect of electrostatic induction parameters on droplets charging for agricultural application

This bibliography of 326 readily usable references of basic and applied research programs related to the various areas of aviation meteorology was assembled. A literature search was conducted which surveyed the major abstract publications such as the International Aerospace Abstracts, the Meteorological and Geoastrophysical Abstracts, and the Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports. In addition, NASA and DOT computer literature searches were run; and NASA, NOAA, and FAA research project managers were requested to provide writeups on their ongoing research.

/pdf/current-research-on-aviation-weather-bibliography-1pndq0utua.pdf

Current research on aviation weather (bibliography)

A method and system for the abatement of fog in a designated air space over an aircraft approach zone and runway, consisting of gapped air jets laden with electrically charged droplets of low mobility, a ground corona guard in the form of a shallow water-and-oil basin, and a charged-collector-drops emitting device on the ground, arranged in such a manner that the low-mobility charged droplets blown aloft by the air jets form a virtual electrode suspended at appropriate height above the ground, toward which the oppositely charged high-mobility collector drops move, thereby collecting the neutral fog drops in their paths. The perforation ratio of the gapped air jet array is chosen such that the wind flux which penetrates the jet array is substantially equal to the entrainment flux at the lee side of the jets, thereby providing for a virtual canopy over the spatial region in which the fog is to be abated. A corona guard prevents neutralization of the collective electric field set up by the charged droplets blown aloft by the air jets, and also prevents premature neutralization of these droplets.

Bipolar fog abatement system

A simulation model has been developed and used to assess the importance of induced image-charge forces in enhancing the deposition on plant stems and leaves of charged, as compared to uncharged, pesticide drops. The model, through calculations of the dynamics and trajectories of individual drops, allows separate determinations of enhancements of the deposit on the upper and lower leaf surfaces. Trajectories and rates of deposition were computed for water drops having diameters within the range 20 to 100 μm, for charges q between 0.1 and 1.0 times the maximum charge Q that can be retained on a drop of specified radius r, for wind speeds μo of the order of 0.1 to 1 .O ms−1, and for plant stems (represented by vertical cylinders) 2 and 10 mm in diameter, and for plant leaves (horizontal plates) of various along-wind lengths I. It is shown that the rates of impaction to stems can be described in terms ot two dimensionless parameters that respectively relate to the properties of the particle and of the image force, and the rates of sedimentation to horizontal leaves in terms of the parameters q, r and l/μo. The model predicts that, inside crop canopies, considerable increases in the rates both of impaction and sedimentation can be achieved if drops, particularly small drops, can be given charges close to their respective Q. Thus for drops of 20 μm in diameter, sedimentation under typical within-canopy conditions is predicted to increase five-fold as a result of charging the drops, one-half of the enhanced deposit being on the underside of the leaves. For drops of 40 μ in diameter, predictions for the enhancement of deposition on the uppermost leaves of a field bean crop are shown to agree with published results from a field trial of an electrostatic crop spray system.

Electric charge, image-charge forces, and the deposition of pesticide drops

: Laboratory experiments using sprays of charged drops were conducted to support a fog clearing program. Sprays from 1-gram per second hollow-cone industrial spray nozzles were induction charged to .0000057 coulombs per gram of spray. As the nozzle size was increased, the charge per unit mass of spray decreased. Increasing the airflow past the nozzle increased the charge on the spray. Increasing induction surface, fluid conductivity, and voltage increased the spray charge to a limit beyond which further increases decreased the spray charge. Increasing the fluid pressure increased the total spray current, but not the charge-to-mass ratio. The greatest charge-to-mass ratio will be achieved with narrow-cone-angle nozzles. (Author)

Electrostatic induction parameters to attain maximum spray charge

: Laboratory experiments using sprays of charged drops were conducted to support a fog clearing program. Sprays from 1-g/s hollow-cone industrial spray nozzles were induction-charged to one-quarter of the Rayleigh charged drop stability limit. As the nozzle size was increased, a smaller fraction of the Rayleigh stability limit was achieved. Increasing the airflow past the nozzle increased the charge on the spray. Increasing induction surface, fluid conductivity, and voltage increased the spray charge to a limit beyond which further increases decreased the spray charge. Increasing the fluid pressure increased the total spray current but not the charge-to-mass ratio. The laboratory data agree with a qualitative derivation relating drop charge to the nozzle spray geometry. The derivation shows that the greatest charge-to-mass ratio will be achieved with narrow-cone-angle nozzles.

Electrostatic Induction Parameters to Attain Maximum Spray Charge to Clear Fog.

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Electrostatic induction parameters to attain maximum spray charge

Electrostatic Induction Parameters to Attain Maximum Spray Charge to Clear Fog.