Identifying barriers and problems of physical environment in older adults’ homes: An ergonomic approach

The aging trend of the world population has increased the number of elderly people. Older people prefer to spend most of their time at home. The problem is that today's homes are often unsuitable for the elderly and the disabled. Thus, problems of the current design approaches, which are based on percentiles as well as the tendency to involve the elderly and disabled people in society, have put the concept of inclusive design into consideration. Application of new design approaches, such as inclusive design allows designers to design products and services to meet the needs of a larger group of users regardless of their age and ability. Given the rapid aging of the world population, more research is needed to design specific products and environments for elderly people. Keywords: Home design, Aging, Ergonomics, Adaptation

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Inclusive Design: An Approach to Adapt Homes for the Elderly

Universal design in housing: Motivations and benefits for developers

BACKGROUND
As older adults prefer to live in their homes, it is of paramount importance to examine the adaptation of the environment to the older adults' capabilities.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate psychometric properties of a scale to measure physical environment problems and barriers in older adults' homes using an ergonomic approach in Iran.


METHODS
This mixed-method investigation was conducted in two stages in Yazd, Iran. The primary 71-item version of the questionnaire was developed according to qualitative findings and a thorough review of the literature. Then the psychometric characteristics, including face, content, construct validity, were assessed. Content validity was also assessed using CVI and CVR. Finally, its reliability and construct validity were confirmed by composite reliability (CR), Fornell-Larker matrix, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using Smart PLS software version 3.


RESULTS
The face validity of the developed scale was acceptable, and the mean scores of CVI and CVR were 0.78 and 0.84, respectively. The preliminary draft of the scale was categorized into seven dimensions. Factor validity and reliability were confirmed by acceptable factor loadings, and desirable realms of composite reliability (>0.7) average variance extracted (>0.5). The cross-loading method and the Fornell-Larker matrix were used to evaluate the divergent validity of the scale, and the results confirmed its acceptable fit.


CONCLUSIONS
The findings indicated that reliability reached acceptable values, and different aspects of validity were almost confirmed. Accordingly, the questionnaire was to measure physical environment problems and barriers in older adults' homes; however, it requires further validation for future use in other contexts.

Psychometric properties of the physical environment problems and barriers scale in older adults' homes using an ergonomic approach.

Universal Design Adoption in Housing: A Systematic Review and Future Directions

Although most older adults prefer to age in place, their homes often lack supporting features. Universal design (UD) modifications help promote independence and reduce the risk of accidents. This study investigated whether educating homeowners about UD following a home disaster influenced the repairs they made. Home insurance policyholders who submitted claims for damage to bathrooms or kitchens received an educational brochure introducing UD features. Homeowners completed follow-up surveys with questions about home modifications made, respondents' demographic characteristics, and householders' ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs). Descriptive and bivariate analyses were conducted. Thirty-three of 37 respondents (89.2%) had implemented UD modifications, making an average of 9.1 UD modifications. Most respondents rated the brochure information positively and respondents' self-rated knowledge of UD improved after reading the brochure. The number of modifications made was positively a...

Provision of Universal Design Educational Material Following a Homeowner's Insurance Claim

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Provision of Universal Design Educational Material Following a Homeowner's Insurance Claim