Surface chemistry of porphyrins and phthalocyanines

A phthalocyanine/Ag(111) interface state is observed for the first time using time- and angle-resolved two-photon photoemission For monolayer films of metal-free (H2Pc) and iron phthalocyanine (FePc) on Ag(111), the state exists 023 ± 003 and 031 ± 003 eV above the Fermi level, respectively Angle-resolved spectra show the state to be highly dispersive with an effective mass of 050 ± 015 me for H2Pc and 067 ± 014 me for FePc Density functional theory calculations on the H2Pc/Ag(111) surface allow us to characterize this state as being a hybrid state resulting from the interaction between the unoccupied molecular states of the phthalocyanine ligand and the Shockley surface state present on the bare Ag(111) surface This work, when taken together with the extensive literature on the 3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic dianhydride/Ag interface state, provides compelling evidence that the hybridization of metal surface states with molecular electronic states is a general phenomenon

Metal/Phthalocyanine Hybrid Interface States on Ag(111).

We present an analytical one-dimensional model potential for the description of electronic interface states that form at the interface between a metal surface and flat-lying adlayers of π-conjugated organic molecules The model utilizes graphene as a universal representation of these organic adlayers It predicts the energy position of the interface state as well as the overlap of its wave function with the bulk metal without free fitting parameters We show that the energy of the interface state depends systematically on the bond distance between the carbon backbone of the adayers and the metal The general applicability and robustness of the model is demonstrated by a comparison of the calculated energies with numerous experimental results for a number of flat-lying organic molecules on different closed-packed metal surfaces that cover a large range of bond distances

/pdf/model-potential-for-the-description-of-metal-organic-2lhuepovc6.pdf

Model potential for the description of metal/organic interface states

Vanadium phthalocyanine (VPc) monolayers and multilayers were synthesized on Ag(111), and the electronic and magnetic states of an unachieved VPc with a divalent state of V were investigated. The VPc monolayer was fabricated by directly depositing the V atoms on a metal-free phthalocyanine (H2Pc) monolayer under ultra-high-vacuum conditions. The VPc multilayer was synthesized by repeated VPc monolayer deposition and subsequent sample annealing at approximately 450 K. The N 1s X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) of these samples showed a remarkable reduction in the peak assigned to H-bonded N atoms, concomitant with the appearance of a new peak attributed to V-bonded N atoms close to the peak of iminic N. Additionally, the oxidation state of V estimated from the V 2p XPS peak position corresponded to 1.6 and 2.4 in the monolayer and multilayer samples, respectively. These results clearly imply that VPc monolayers and multilayers were successfully obtained. The main ground-state electronic configuration of th...

/pdf/direct-synthesis-of-vanadium-phthalocyanine-and-its-39a6rq9szl.pdf

Direct Synthesis of Vanadium Phthalocyanine and Its Electronic and Magnetic States in Monolayers and Multilayers on Ag(111)

Adsorption geometry and electronic structure of iron phthalocyanine on Ag surfaces: A LEED and photoelectron momentum mapping study

We present a comprehensive study of structural and electronic properties of the adsorbate system H${}_{2}$-phthalocyanine (H${}_{2}$Pc) on Ag(111). A comparison with copper-phthalocyanine (CuPc) on Ag(111) allows us to elucidate the impact of the central metal atom in the molecule on the adsorbate-substrate interaction. This metal atom is one fundamental parameter which can be changed in order to modify the properties of phthalocyanine molecules, and therefore its influence on the adsorption behavior is highly relevant. From high-resolution electron diffraction, we obtained a phase diagram for submonolayer coverages which turns out to be similar to that of CuPc/Ag(111). The most striking difference is a higher stability of a commensurate phase, indicating a stronger and more adsorption site-specific bonding of the H${}_{2}$Pc molecules. Furthermore, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray standing waves prove chemisorptive interaction between molecules and substrate and a significant bending of the molecules with the nitrogen atoms approaching the surface. We conclude that the attractive interaction of metal-phthalocyanine molecules with Ag(111) is mainly mediated by the aromatic body of the molecule (the tetraazaporphyrin ring in particular) rather than by the central metallic atom which (in the case of CuPc) already shows Pauli repulsion.

/pdf/submonolayer-growth-of-h-2-phthalocyanine-on-ag-111-33owg9m7t1.pdf

Submonolayer growth of H 2 -phthalocyanine on Ag(111)

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Submonolayer growth of H 2 -phthalocyanine on Ag(111)