Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a global health problem. In an attempt to control infection, worldwide HBV vaccination programs have been established. Saudi Arabia, an endemic area for HBV infection, established an HBV immunization program in 1989. This cross-sectional study evaluates the long-term protection of HBV vaccination 14–24 years after primary immunization in a high-risk group (clinical year medical students) at King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. All participants had complete HBV immunization at birth or in early childhood. Hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) levels were obtained. An anti-HBs titer of 10 mIU/ml was considered to represent protective immune status. A total of 238 students were included; they were predominantly females (n = 182, 76.5%). Mean age was 22.2 ± 1.1 years. Duration since primary vaccination was 19.8 ± 2.3 years. Female students were more likely to maintain long-term protection compared to males (62.1% and 58.8%, respectively). Anti-HBs levels were significantly low in many students after primary immunization. Testing medical students for anti-HBs levels may be warranted as they represent a high-risk population. The higher rate of vaccine failure in males than females requires further investigation as it may explain the higher prevalence of HBV in the male population. J. Med. Virol. 85:1518–1522, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Long-term efficacy of the hepatitis B Vaccine in a high-risk group

Background: Viral hepatitis B (VHB) is an occupational risk for dentists. It is necessary that dental students start clinical practice immunized with the vaccine, response monitored and informed about the means of transmission of the disease. Rarely, there are studies, which evaluate concomitantly knowledge of these academics and their vaccine situation? Objectives: To evaluate the knowledge about Hepatitis B, the vaccine situation and the immunization status of dental students and to investigate the probable correlation between the status of immunization, vaccination membership and adherence to the test of seroconversion and associated factors. Patients and Methods: 189 students from the dentistry course at the Federal University of Piaui (UFPI) who attended from the 3rd to 9th period were invited to participate in the research. Their knowledge about HBV, attitude regarding protection and their vaccine situation were assessed through a self-administered form. Antibodies against surface antigens of Hepatitis B virus (Anti-HBs) and against the antigens of the virus nucleous of Hepatitis B (Anti-HBc total) were measured qualitatively using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Of the 179 students surveyed, 58.1% knew about the degree of virulence of the Hepatitis B virus (HBV). As to the means of transmission, 98.3% considered blood transmission, 82.6% plates and cutlery, 15.6% cough and 12.3% vertical transmission. Most students (87.4%) knew that they should take 3 doses of the vaccine and 62.2% completed the immunization schedule. A minority of students (48.6%) knew the about the Anti-HBs test and 5.6% took the test. Among the students who reported having taken three doses of the vaccine, 12.5% were not seroconverted. There was no significant correlation between the variables. Conclusions: Dental academics were unsure about the means of infection and prevention against HBV. Many of them had not completed the immunization scheme and did not have the test of seroconversion. The serological analysis revealed unprotection, even after students completed the vaccination schedule.

/pdf/hepatitis-b-knowledge-vaccine-situation-and-seroconversion-3e4qylla6j.pdf

Hepatitis B: knowledge, vaccine situation and seroconversion of dentistry students of a public university.

http://www.ksid.or.kr/abstract/2013_fall/eng/pdf/E-145.pdf

Hepatitis B vaccination status among healthcare workers in a tertiary care hospital in Tripoli, Libya

Context: Auxiliary healthcare workers (AHCWs) have a higher risk of occupational exposure to hepatitis B virus infection than the general population. Daily handling and exposure to biomedical wastes, blood, and its products make the AHCWs vulnerable to blood borne diseases among which Hepatitis B is one of the world's most common and serious infectious diseases. Aims: To evaluate the HBV infection related awareness and occupational risk perception among AHCWs. Settings and Design: Survey. Materials and Methods : A cross-sectional survey was carried out in M. S. Ramaiah Medical and Dental Hospitals among 300 auxiliary health workers which comprised of laboratory technicians, hygienists, laundry workers, and the housekeeping staff. After acquiring ethical clearance and informed written consent, they were explained about the objective of the study and were requested to fill a standard questionnaire. The data was compiled and subjected to statistical analysis using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Statistical Analysis Used : SPSS Software Version 19. Results: Our survey revealed that 90.03% of the respondents were aware of hepatitis B infection (HBI) and 67.2% answered questions correctly on risk perception. Only 37% of the respondents correctly answered questions on biomedical waste management. Conclusions: Overall, an adequate awareness and a moderate occupational risk perception about HBI were found among the study group. However, knowledge regarding hospital waste disposal was found to be insufficient. Our vision aims at a nation committed to combat silent epidemic of viral hepatitis infection.

Awareness and risk perception of hepatitis B infection among auxiliary healthcare workers

Background: Data regarding Hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV) prevalence among military personnel in Brazil are lacking, but the work-related risk of exposure can be high. The objective of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of HBV and HCV and the risk factors associated to HBV exposure among Brazilian military personnel.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted and included 433 male military adults aged 18-25 years old working in Rio de Janeiro during October 2013. All individuals completed a questionnaire to assess their risk of exposure and provided a blood sample to HBV and HCV testing.Results: None of the participants presented HBsAg or anti-HBc IgM, 18 (4.1%) were positive for total anti-HBc, 247 (57.0%) were positive for anti-HBs, and 3 (0.7%) were anti-HCV reactive. The majority of military personnel with past HBV infection (anti-HBc reactive) and HBV immunity (anti-HBs reactive) had a history of prior dental procedures (88.9% and 77.3%), consumption of alcohol at least once a week (50% and 55.9%), and practiced oral sex (61.1% and 58.3%, respectively). In addition, anti-HBc positivity was common among individuals with a history of surgery (44.4%) and practice of anal sex (50%). At univariate analysis, age group was associated to anti-HBc and anti-HBs positivity.Conclusions: Low rates of HBV and HCV infection were observed among Brazilian military personnel in comparison to the general Brazilian population. HBV immunity rates were relatively low indicating the need for vaccination campaigns in this group.

/pdf/prevalence-of-hepatitis-b-and-c-virus-infections-among-2lzbqhvrpa.pdf

Prevalence of hepatitis B and C virus infections among military personnel

https://www.medigraphic.com/pdfs/hepato/ah-2012/ah123h.pdf

Hepatitis B virus prevalence and vaccination response in health care workers and students at the Federal University of Bahia, Brazil

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Hepatitis B virus prevalence and vaccination response in health care workers and students at the Federal University of Bahia, Brazil