https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:330506/UQ330506_OA.pdf

A review of ocean color remote sensing methods and statistical techniques for the detection, mapping and analysis of phytoplankton blooms in coastal and open oceans

Abstract Nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) is an important contributor to air pollution and can adversely affect human health 1–9 . A decrease in NO 2 concentrations has been reported as a result of lockdown measures to reduce the spread of COVID-19 10–20 . Questions remain, however, regarding the relationship of satellite-derived atmospheric column NO 2 data with health-relevant ambient ground-level concentrations, and the representativeness of limited ground-based monitoring data for global assessment. Here we derive spatially resolved, global ground-level NO 2 concentrations from NO 2 column densities observed by the TROPOMI satellite instrument at sufficiently fine resolution (approximately one kilometre) to allow assessment of individual cities during COVID-19 lockdowns in 2020 compared to 2019. We apply these estimates to quantify NO 2 changes in more than 200 cities, including 65 cities without available ground monitoring, largely in lower-income regions. Mean country-level population-weighted NO 2 concentrations are 29% ± 3% lower in countries with strict lockdown conditions than in those without. Relative to long-term trends, NO 2 decreases during COVID-19 lockdowns exceed recent Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI)-derived year-to-year decreases from emission controls, comparable to 15 ± 4 years of reductions globally. Our case studies indicate that the sensitivity of NO 2 to lockdowns varies by country and emissions sector, demonstrating the critical need for spatially resolved observational information provided by these satellite-derived surface concentration estimates. 

/pdf/global-fine-scale-changes-in-ambient-no2-during-covid-19-39x21v53.pdf

Global fine-scale changes in ambient NO2 during COVID-19 lockdowns

Uncertainties and applications of satellite-derived coastal water quality products

https://cris.brighton.ac.uk/ws/files/13107124/ECOLIND_15595_for_PURE.pdf

Opportunities for seagrass research derived from remote sensing: a review of current methods

Importance of satellite observations for high-resolution mapping of near-surface NO2 by machine learning

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a good indicator for air quality (AQ) in urban and industrialized areas. The instrument TROPOMI on the ESA S5P satellite provides high quality daily measures of the NO2 tropospheric column from space. The lockdowns that countries and cities have implemented to mitigate the spread of Covid-19 represent an unprecedented reduction of human activities that significantly impacted AQ and NO2 emissions in urban areas. Several communications have associated lockdowns resulting from Covid-19 with a decrease in NO2 air pollution as observed from space by TROPOMI. This relationship between NO2 measurements from space and lockdowns must be further discussed and consolidated: how accurately can we quantify NO2 pollution reduction at city scale during lockdown periods with TROPOMI data only? This work presents a processing of TROPOMI NO2 level 2 data into an original time series – the city-scale NO2 plume mass –- that has been designed to quantify the NO2 pollution level over cities. This is used to verify the impact of lockdowns on NO2 and to examine how urban NO2 pollution reduction associated with lockdown periods may be quantified, on the basis of yearly variations of the TROPOMI city-scale NO2 plume mass and related uncertainty, exploited over representative periods of time. We evaluated this measure and checked the corresponding added value and limitation for quantifying the impact of lockdowns on NO2 variations and separate from other effects, comparing with independent CAMS data and in situ measurements. Building on these results, our second objective was to estimate the reduction on the NO2 tropospheric level over four European cities during their respective lockdowns. The methodology developed may be applied to any major cities and industrial areas. This work should be considered as an initial demonstration for a space-based monitoring system of air quality at the city scale. It may also serve as a testbed for assessing national and international regulations to reduce pollutant levels.

Analysis of the NO2 tropospheric product from S5P TROPOMI for monitoring pollution at city scale

A satellite ocean color observation operator system for eutrophication assessment in coastal waters

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Analysis of the NO2 tropospheric product from S5P TROPOMI for monitoring pollution at city scale

A satellite ocean color observation operator system for eutrophication assessment in coastal waters