Organic Acid and Solvent Production

Organic Acid and Solvent Production: Acetic, Lactic, Gluconic, Succinic, and Polyhydroxyalkanoic Acids

Alcaligenes faecalis subsp. parafaecalis subsp. nov., a Bacterium Accumulating Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate from Acetone-butanol Bioprocess Residues

The acetone-butanol fermentation and the closely related 2-propanol-butanol fermentation are of interest to Europe in particular for environmental and socioeconomic reasons, but its economic and technical feasibility must be proven before reestablishment as a commercial proposition. In particular the reestablishment of a new, fledgling fermentation industry selling into markets presently serviced by the mature, firmly established and highly capitalised petrochemical industry will require a significant driving force or else commercial users, who frequently have long-term supply contracts, will remain with known and proven suppliers. Hence the present state-of-the-art of the acetone-butanol fermentation is best described as technically and economically difficult but possible in niche markets. The most likely future is for decentral fermentation facilities processing locally made substrates and selling into niche markets.

The history of the acetone-butanol project in Austria.

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The production of acetone-butanol-ethanol from oil palm wastes by clostridium acetobutyricum and utilisation of the wastewater for polyhydroxybutyrate production.

In a bioconversion study based on utilisation of by-products from the AB- (acetone - butanol) bioprocess a new isolated gram-negative solvent tolerant bacterium was used to convert the AB process residue after removal of the major part of the solvents. The bacterium identified as a representative of the genus Alcaligenes (designated as Alcaligenes sp. G) was capable of growth up to optical densities ranging from 8 to 20 and simultaneously of polyhydroxyalkanoate-(PHA-)accumulation up to 40% per dry weight. A standardised medium based on AB by-products containing 7 g/l of butyrate and 5 g/l of acetate at pH 7.5 was used in our studies for bioconversion into PHAs. Concentrations of 1-butanol, which is known for its membrane damaging properties in microorganisms, were tolerated in the AB by-products medium up to 4 g/l without significant inhibition of cellular growth. No inhibition of growth was observed, when the medium was adjusted to 40 g/l butyrate. Due to the toxicity of the remaining 1-butanol maintenance of sterility is of no high priority during the process. The use of acetate and butyrate from an AB process is expected to provide a higher return-on-investment than the combustion of biogas to help meet energy demands.

Conversion of solvent evaporation residues from the AB- (acetone - butanol) bioprocess into bacterial cells accumulating thermoplastic polyesters.

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Conversion of solvent evaporation residues from the AB- (acetone - butanol) bioprocess into bacterial cells accumulating thermoplastic polyesters.