Summary In the revision here presented, an assessment of the Italian species of the group Scirpus s.l. at generic, infrageneric and specific level is performed, on the basis of a comparative morphological analysis carried out on wild populations and on exsiccata housed in the main Italian herbaria, as well as in the light of recent (and less recent) acquisitions in the systematics of such worldwide, most diverse and complex group. The 22 species here appraised for the Italian territory are attributed to 7 genera: Blysmus Panz., Scirpus L., Bolboschoenus (Rchb.) Palla, Scirpoides Scheuchz. ex Seguier, Schoenoplectus (Rchb.) Palla, Isolepis R. Br., Trichophorum Pers. Schoenoplectus species are attributed to the subgenera Schoenoplectus and Actaeogeton (Rchb.) Oteng-Yeboah. Isolepis species are attributed to the only subgenus Isolepis and to the sections Isolepis and Eleogiton (Link) Pax.

Scirpus L. and related genera (Cyperaceae) in Italy

Environmental gradients, and particularly climatic variables, exert a strong influence on plant distribution and, potentially, population genetic diversity and differentiation. Differences in water availability can cause among-population variation in ecological processes and can thus interrupt populations' connectivity and isolate them environmentally. The present study examines the effect of environmental heterogeneity on plant populations due to environmental isolation unrelated to geographic distance. Using AFLP markers, we analyzed genetic diversity and differentiation among 12 Salvia spinosa populations and 13 Salvia syriaca populations from three phytogeographical regions (Mediterranean, Irano-Turanian and Saharo-Arabian) representing the extent of the species' geographic range in Jordan. Differences in geographic location and climate were considered in the analyses. For both species, flowering phenology varied among populations and regions. Irano-Turanian and Saharo-Arabian populations had higher genetic diversity than Mediterranean populations, and genetic diversity increased significantly with increasing temperature. Genetic diversity in Salvia syriaca was affected by population size, while genetic diversity responded to drought in S. spinosa. For both species, high levels of genetic differentiation were found as well as two well-supported phytogeographical groups of populations, with Mediterranean populations clustering in one group and the Irano-Turanian and Saharo-Arabian populations in another. Genetic distance was significantly correlated to environmental distance, but not to geographic distance. Our data indicate that populations from moist vs. arid environments are environmentally isolated, where environmental gradients affect their flowering phenology, limit gene flow and shape their genetic structure. We conclude that environmental heterogeneity may act as driver for the observed variation in genetic diversity.

Environmental gradients shape the genetic structure of two medicinal Salvia species in Jordan.

Chromosome numbers forEleocharis palustris subsp.palustris (based on 70 samples from Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Lithuania, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Sweden) andEleocharis palustris subsp.vulgaris (based on 74 samples from Austria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Latvia, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, and Sweden) are given. Also the chromosome number estimates based on relative DNA contents of plants from 8 localitiesE. palustris subsp.palustris from Croatia, the Czech Republic, Germany, Italy, Israel, and Slovenia, and from 18 localities ofE. palustris subsp.vulgaris from the Czech Republic, Germany and Sweden are included. InE. palustris subsp.palustris, 2n=16 prevailed, the mixoploid 2n=15, 16 was rare and a lone hypoploid 2n=15 was detected. InE. palustris subsp.vulgaris 2n=38 was most frequently detected, the hyperploid 2n=39 and mixoploid 2n=38, 39 were common, and the hypoploid 2n=36 and mixoploids in which 2n ranges from 36 to 42 were rarer. Distribution maps based on plants investigated either by chromosome counting or by flow cytometry, augmented by similar data from published sources are given for both subspecies in Europe.

/pdf/cytogeographical-survey-of-eleocharis-subser-eleocharis-in-t4fwa7f1t1.pdf

Cytogeographical survey of eleocharis subser. eleocharis in europe 1: eleocharis palustris

Roles of BRAHMA and Its Interacting Partners in Plant Chromatin Remodeling

Schoenoplectus triqueter, Triangular Club-rush, is a rare plant which is declining in England. It is a rhizomatous perennial which rarely produces seed in the wild in Britain and Ireland but does so readily in cultivation and in Europe (and probably elsewhere). In Britain and Ireland it is restricted to the upper parts of tidal rivers where there are weakly brackish to fresh water conditions and large fluctuations in water level, but it occurs in a variety of wetlands and fresh water ecosystems elsewhere in the world. It has been recorded from four rivers in England (it was once locally abundant in at least three of these), but by 1995 was reduced to one or two plants on the Tamar. In Ireland it has been recorded in three rivers and, although gone from one river, still has a large and apparently stable population on the Shannon. The decline in England is probably due to destruction of habitats, spread of Phragmites and failure to recolonise after disturbance. It is probably not under threat world-wide.

/pdf/life-cycle-ecology-and-distribution-of-schoenoplectus-3fwluagw2k.pdf

Life cycle, ecology and distribution of Schoenoplectus triqueter (L.) Palla (Cyperaceae), Triangular Club-rush, in Britain and Ireland

Two members of section Pycreus of Cyperus Linn. show variable chromosome numbers as C. globosus n=36, 40, 42, 44 and C. sanguinolentus n=24. Based on x=8 and 9, the former species shows aneuploid numbers at 8- or 10-ploid level. The later species is a hexaploid. C. globosus shows marked infraspecific phenotypic variations amongst various cytotypes yet infraspecific chromosomal categories do not show any phenotypic specificity. Generic status to Pycreus is not supported by cummulative cytological data for Cyperus.

Chromosomal variabilities in Cyperus Linn. II: Section Pycreus (Beauv.) Griseb. from NW India

Karyomorphology of members of Bulbostylis Kunth and Scirpus Linn. from Punjab State, North India

Population studies on five species of Scirpus namely, S. kyllingioides, S. litoralis, S. mucronatus, S. roylei and S. triqueter show fixed chromosome numbers in S. mucronatus (n=22) and S. triqueter (n=21) while S. kyllingioides and S. litoralis show high incidence of aneuploidy. Both diploid (n=11) and octaploid (n=44) cytotypes are recorded for S. roylei. On the basis of recorded base numbers (X=5, 7, 8) in Scirpus, it is very difficult to guess correctly the ploidy level for S. kyllingioides and S. litoralis cytotypes.Sedges show a high incidence of euploid and aneuploid numbers which is due to vegetative propagation so common in the group because this mechanism of race perpetuation helps in conservation of all the evolved cytotypes which is normally not the case with other groups of flowering plants not exhibiting vegetative propagation.

Cytological Observations on Scirpus Linn. from North India

Chromosome Number Reports in Six Species of Cyperus Linn. from North India

Three populations of Cyperus tenuispica Steud. belonging to family Cyperaceae were collected from different localities of North India. The meiotic behavior, chromosome number, morphological analysis and pollen fertility were studied. The investigations revealed the existence of two cytotypes with n=8 in two populations and with n=7 in one population. Basic chromosome number of the Cyperus is n=8 and C. tenuispica shows same chromosome number. The plants of the population with n=7 is an aneuploid. The population with aneuploid chromosome number n=7 showed abnormal meiosis i.e., chromatin bridges, laggards, stickiness, and reduced pollen fertility. Three populations exhibit a difference in plant height, length of leaves, number of rays, number of spikelets and number of glumes per spikelet.

Aneuploidy in Cyperus tenuispica from North India

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