Kojic acid applications in cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations.

Fundamental importance of ionic interactions in the liquid phase: A review of recent studies of ionic liquids in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications

The notable physical and chemical properties of sucrose fatty acid esters have prompted their use in the chemical industry, especially as surfactants, since 1939. Recently, their now well-recognized value as nutraceuticals and as additives in cosmetics has significantly increased demand for ready access to them. As such a review of current methods for the preparation of sucrose fatty acid esters by both chemical and enzymatic means is warranted and is presented here together with an account of the historical development of these compounds as surfactants (emulsifiers). The somewhat belated recognition of the antimicrobial, anticancer and insecticidal activities of sucrose esters is also discussed along with a commentary on their structure-property profiles.

Sucrose fatty acid esters: synthesis, emulsifying capacities, biological activities and structure-property profiles.

Tyrosinase inhibitors as potential antibacterial agents.

This work aims to prepare ferulic acid alkyl esters (FAEs) through the lipase-catalyzed reaction between methyl ferulate and various fatty alcohols in deep eutectic solvents and ascertain their antibacterial activities and mechanisms. Screens of antibacterial effects of FAEs against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 ( E. coli) and Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 ( L. monocytogenes) revealed that hexyl ferulate (FAC6) exerted excellent bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects on E. coli and L. monocytogenes (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC): 1.6 and 0.1 mM, minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC): 25.6 and 0.2 mM, respectively). The antibacterial mechanism of FAC6 against E. coli was systematically studied to facilitate its practical use as a food additive with multifunctionalities. The growth and time-kill curves implied the partial cell lysis and inhibition of the growth of E. coli caused by FAC6. The result related to propidium iodide uptake and cell constituents' leakage (K+, proteins, nucleotides, and β-galactosidase) implied that bacterial cytomembranes were substantially compromised by FAC6. Variations on morphology and cardiolipin microdomains and membrane hyperpolarization of cells visually verified that FAC6 induced cell elongation and destructed the cell membrane with cell wall perforation. SDS-PAGE analysis and alterations of fluorescence spectra of bacterial membrane proteins manifested that FAC6 caused significant changes in constitutions and conformation of membrane proteins. Furthermore, it also could bind to minor grooves of E. coli DNA to form complexes. Meanwhile, FAC6 exhibited antibiofilm formation activity. These findings indicated that that FAC6 has promising potential to be developed as a multifunctional food additive.

Alkyl Ferulate Esters as Multifunctional Food Additives: Antibacterial Activity and Mode of Action against Escherichia coli in Vitro

Although the antimicrobial properties of kojic acid have been recognized, the subcellular mechanism of bacterial inactivation caused by it has never been clearly elucidated. In the present study, t...

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1082013218793075

Evaluation of antibacterial and anti-biofilm properties of kojic acid against five food-related bacteria and related subcellular mechanisms of bacterial inactivation.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the antibacterial activities and mode of action of sucrose monolaurate (SML) with a desirable purity, synthesized by Lipozyme TL IM-mediated transesterification in the novel ionic liquid, against four pathogenic bacteria including L. monocytogenes, B. subtilis, S. aureus, and E. coli. The antibacterial activity was determined by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and the time–kill assay. SML showed varying antibacterial activity against tested bacteria with MICs and MBCs of 2.5 and 20 mM for L. monocytogenes, 2.5 and 20 mM for B. subtilis, 10 and 40 mM for S. aureus, respectively. No dramatic inhibition was observed for E. coli at 80 mM SML. Mechanism of bacterial inactivation caused by SML was revealed through comprehensive factors including cell morphology, cellular lysis, membrane permeability, K+ leakage, zeta potential, intracellular enzyme, and DNA assay. Results demonstrated that bacterial inactivation against Gram-positive bacteria was primarily induced by the pronounced damage to the cell membrane integrity. SML may interact with cytoplasmic membrane to disturb the regulation system of peptidoglycan hydrolase activities to degrade the peptidoglycan layer and form a hole in the layer. Then, the inside cytoplasmic membrane was blown out due to turgor pressure and the cytoplasmic materials inside leaked out. Leakage of intracellular enzyme to the supernatants implied that the cell membrane permeability was compromised. Consequently, the release of K+ from the cytosol lead to the alterations of the zeta potential of cells, which would disturb the subcellular localization of some proteins, and thereby causing bacterial inactivation. Moreover, remarkable interaction with DNA was also observed. SML at sub-MIC inhibited biofilm formation by these bacteria.

https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/5/1118/pdf

Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Sucrose Monolaurate and Its Antibacterial Property and Mode of Action against Four Pathogenic Bacteria

The invention discloses a hexyl ferulate-compounded antioxidant composition formula. The hexyl ferulate-compounded antioxidant composition formula is composed of, by weight part, 3-8 parts of hexyl ferulate, 2-6 parts of curcumin extract, 4-7 parts of lipid-soluble tea polyphenols, 1-3 parts of alpha-lipoic acid and 3-6 parts of aloe extract freeze-dried powder. Besides, the invention also discloses application of the hexyl ferulate-compounded antioxidant composition to food processing. The hexyl ferulate-compounded antioxidant composition effectively solves the difficulty of oxidation proneness of edible olive oil; the hexyl ferulate-compounded antioxidant composition can be in matched application to improve the antioxidant effects of the edible olive oil, avoid damage of added chemical antioxidants to human body and enrich the nutritive function of the edible olive oil.

Hexyl ferulate-compounded antioxidant composition and application thereof

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Evaluation of antibacterial and anti-biofilm properties of kojic acid against five food-related bacteria and related subcellular mechanisms of bacterial inactivation.

Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Sucrose Monolaurate and Its Antibacterial Property and Mode of Action against Four Pathogenic Bacteria

Hexyl ferulate-compounded antioxidant composition and application thereof